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Surveillance Following Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Loss: An Issue Requiring Attention

Shuai-Wen Huang1,2,3,4, Hong Long1, Jia-Quan Huang3

  • 1Department of General Practice, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China.

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 25, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Curing chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is difficult. While hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss is a key goal, lifelong surveillance is essential due to persistent virus risks.

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) cure remains elusive due to persistent viral DNA.
  • Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss is the current treatment goal for improved patient outcomes.
  • Viral persistence post-HBsAg loss poses risks like recurrence and hepatocellular carcinoma.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the significance of HBsAg loss in CHB management.
  • To highlight the necessity of ongoing surveillance despite HBsAg loss.
  • To discuss the evolving landscape of CHB treatment and surveillance strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on CHB treatment outcomes.
  • Analysis of data regarding viral persistence and risks after HBsAg loss.
  • Evaluation of current and proposed surveillance strategies for CHB patients.

Main Results:

  • HBsAg loss improves liver function and prognosis but does not guarantee viral eradication.
  • Persistent hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA post-HBsAg loss is associated with significant long-term risks.
  • Existing surveillance strategies require refinement based on new outcome data.

Conclusions:

  • Achieving HBsAg loss is a critical milestone, but not a complete cure for CHB.
  • Continuous patient follow-up and surveillance are imperative to manage risks post-HBsAg loss.
  • Further long-term studies are needed to optimize surveillance protocols for CHB patients.

Keywords:
HBV reactivationHBV reinfectionHBsAg lossHBsAg recurrencecirrhosishepatocellular carcinomasurveillance

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