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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2025

In vitro Cell Culture Model for Toxic Inhaled Chemical Testing

In vitro Cell Culture Model for Toxic Inhaled Chemical Testing

Published on: May 8, 2014

Two- and Three-Dimensional Culture Systems: Respiratory In Vitro Tissue Models for Chemical Screening and Risk-Based

Joanne Wallace¹, Mary C McElroy¹, Mitchell Klausner²

¹Charles River Laboratories, Edinburgh EH33 2NE, UK.

Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)

|January 25, 2025

Summary

New Approach Methodologies (NAMs), including 3D lung models, are replacing animal testing for inhalation toxicity assessment. A 3D model successfully replaced a 90-day rat study for the OECD, demonstrating human-relevant toxicity evaluation.

Keywords:

2D and 3D lung models computational modeling human in vitro inhaled chemical safety assessment rat validation

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Published on: February 12, 2015

Generation of Human 3D Lung Tissue Cultures 3D-LTCs for Disease Modeling

Generation of Human 3D Lung Tissue Cultures 3D-LTCs for Disease Modeling

Published on: February 12, 2019

Area of Science:

Toxicology
In vitro toxicology
Inhalation toxicology

Background:

Traditional animal models are used for assessing lung damage from inhaled substances.
New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) are emerging to replace, reduce, and refine animal use in safety testing.
2D and 3D cell cultures are key NAMs for understanding human-relevant toxicity.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the application of 2D and 3D lung models for inhalation toxicity assessment.
To highlight the use of NAMs in regulatory toxicology.
To discuss regulatory guidelines for NAMs in aerosol toxicity studies.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on 2D and 3D lung models for inhalation toxicity.
Case study analysis of a 3D model used for OECD regulatory assessment.
Discussion of regulatory frameworks for NAMs.

Main Results:

3D lung models demonstrate potential for assessing human-relevant toxicity responses.
A specific 3D model successfully replaced a 90-day rat inhalation toxicity study for OECD evaluation.
NAMs offer viable alternatives to animal testing in hazard identification.

Conclusions:

2D and 3D lung models are valuable tools for inhalation toxicity assessment.
NAMs, particularly 3D models, can meet regulatory requirements and reduce animal use.
The choice of lung model depends on specific regulatory needs and study context.