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Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
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Lignin Reinforcement in Polybutylene Succinate Copolymers.

Nnaemeka Ewurum1, Armando G McDonald1

  • 1Department of Forest and Fire Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-1132, USA.

Polymers
|January 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study successfully created biodegradable polybutylene succinate (PBS)-lignin copolymers from industrial lignin. Crosslinking improved properties, with 20% lignin offering a balanced enhancement for most applications.

Keywords:
biodegradable compositesbiopolymerscrosslinkinglignin reinforcementmechanical propertiespolybutylene succinate (PBS)renewable materialsthermal stability

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Science and Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Sustainable Chemistry

Background:

  • Industrial lignin, a byproduct of pulping, presents an underutilized source of renewable aromatic compounds.
  • Biodegradable polymers like polybutylene succinate (PBS) are sought after for sustainable material applications.
  • Valorizing lignin into functional polymer composites offers a pathway to reduce waste and enhance material properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the production and characterization of biodegradable polybutylene succinate (PBS)-lignin copolymers.
  • To evaluate the impact of varying lignin content and dicumyl peroxide (DCP) crosslinking on copolymer properties.
  • To determine optimal lignin concentrations for specific property enhancements in PBS-lignin composites.

Main Methods:

  • Reactive extrusion was employed to blend and crosslink polybutylene succinate (PBS) with industrial lignin (0-45 wt. %).
  • Mechanical testing (tensile, flexural), thermal analysis (DSC), and morphological studies (SEM) were conducted.
  • Dicumyl peroxide (DCP) was used as a crosslinking/grafting agent to improve interfacial adhesion.

Main Results:

  • Lignin addition decreased tensile strength but increased stiffness and thermal stability of PBS.
  • DCP crosslinking significantly improved interfacial adhesion and flexural performance, especially at moderate lignin levels.
  • Lignin initially enhanced crystallization temperature but hindered it at higher concentrations; SEM revealed reduced phase separation in crosslinked copolymers.

Conclusions:

  • Biodegradable PBS-lignin copolymers can be successfully prepared via reactive extrusion.
  • Crosslinking with DCP is crucial for mitigating poor interfacial adhesion and enhancing mechanical properties.
  • An optimal lignin content (e.g., 20 wt. %) provides a balance of improved properties without significant drawbacks.