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Balancing Performance and Health in Elite Hungarian Athletes: The Relationship Among Disordered Eating Risk, Body

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Elite athletes face disordered eating (DE) risks, particularly females in aesthetic sports, linked to poor nutrition knowledge. Early intervention and education are crucial for prevention.

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Nutrition
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Disordered eating (DE) and eating disorders (ED) pose significant risks to athletes' health, well-being, and performance.
  • Elite athletes are a population of concern for DE and ED due to sport-specific pressures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the prevalence of DE risk, body composition, and nutrition knowledge among elite Hungarian athletes.
  • To identify correlations between DE risk, body composition, and nutrition knowledge in this cohort.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study involving 71 elite Hungarian athletes.
  • DE risk assessed using the Disordered Eating Screening and Assessment Tool - 6-item Hungarian version (DESA-6H) and the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26).
  • Nutrition knowledge evaluated with the Abridged Nutrition for Sport Knowledge Questionnaire (A-NSKQ); body composition measured using OMRON BF511; data analyzed with Kendall's tau, Mann-Whitney U, and ROC analysis.

Main Results:

  • 12.7% of athletes scored at-risk on DESA-6H; 32.4% on EAT-26, with higher prevalence in female athletes in aesthetic, endurance, and weight-dependent sports.
  • Nutrition knowledge was below the acceptable threshold in 49.1% of participants.
  • DE risk scores (DESA-6H) significantly correlated with EAT-26 scores, BMI, and nutrition knowledge (A-NSKQ). Significant gender differences were observed in EAT-26 scores.

Conclusions:

  • Insufficient nutrition knowledge is a contributing factor to disordered eating risk in elite athletes.
  • Emphasizes the need for early detection, targeted sport nutrition education, and monitoring, especially for female athletes in specific sport types.
  • Recommends further research to optimize screening tools like EAT-26 and DESA-6H for elite athletic populations.