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Celiac Disease: A Transitional Point of View.

Ernesto Aitella1,2, Domenico Cozzolino3, Lia Ginaldi1,2

  • 1Department of Clinical Medicine, Public Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.

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|January 25, 2025
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Summary

Celiac disease (CeD) is an autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten in genetically susceptible individuals, causing duodenal inflammation and various symptoms. This review explores its complex immunopathogenesis, clinical features, and nutritional management.

Keywords:
celiac diseasedietary managementglutenimmunopathogenesis

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Celiac disease (CeD) is a chronic, autoimmune disorder.
  • It is triggered by gluten exposure in genetically predisposed individuals.
  • CeD involves duodenal inflammation, enteropathy, and diverse systemic manifestations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the correlations between cellular and molecular aspects of CeD.
  • To examine the clinical manifestations of this complex autoimmune disorder.
  • To provide considerations on nutritional management for CeD.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on celiac disease.
  • Analysis of immunopathogenesis, genetic predisposition, and clinical features.
  • Synthesis of cellular and molecular aspects with clinical outcomes.

Main Results:

  • CeD pathogenesis involves human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genetic predisposition.
  • Gluten triggers antigen presentation to T helper cells, leading to antibody production.
  • Immune-mediated enterocyte damage results in duodenal inflammation.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding CeD's complex immunopathogenesis is crucial.
  • Correlations between molecular aspects and clinical manifestations are significant.
  • Nutritional management is a key component in handling celiac disease.