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Related Concept Videos

Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2025

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Maternal Glycemia and Its Pattern Associated with Offspring Neurobehavioral Development: A Chinese Birth Cohort

Zhichao Yuan1, Tao Su2, Li Yang2

  • 1Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.

Nutrients
|January 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Maternal hyperglycemia during pregnancy, particularly persistent high blood sugar, increases the risk of developmental delay in children. Early pregnancy hyperglycemia poses a greater risk to male offspring, highlighting the importance of glycemic control.

Keywords:
TyG indexmaternal glycemianeurobehavior developmentpregnancy stages

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Maternal glycemic levels are crucial for fetal development.
  • Understanding the specific impact of hyperglycemia timing on neurodevelopment is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between maternal glycemic status during pregnancy and neurodevelopmental outcomes in offspring.
  • To identify critical periods of maternal hyperglycemia affecting child development.

Main Methods:

  • Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and triglyceride (TG) levels were measured in 1888 pregnant women.
  • Insulin resistance was assessed using the TyG index.
  • Offspring neurodevelopment was evaluated using the China Developmental Scale for Children (ages 6-36 months), assessing developmental delay (DD) and developmental quotient (DQ).

Main Results:

  • Maternal hyperglycemia and elevated FPG were linked to increased overall DD risk and lower DQ.
  • Late pregnancy hyperglycemia (LHG) and full-term hyperglycemia (FHG) significantly elevated DD risk compared to healthy glycemia (HGG).
  • Early pregnancy hyperglycemia (EHG) particularly impacted male offspring's neurodevelopment.

Conclusions:

  • Maternal glycemic control during pregnancy is vital for healthy offspring neurodevelopment.
  • Persistent hyperglycemia poses a significant risk for developmental delay.
  • Targeted interventions for maternal hyperglycemia, especially in early pregnancy, are crucial for protecting male infant neurodevelopment.