The Role of Maintaining Nutritional Adequacy Status and Physical Activity in Onco-Nephrology: Not a Myth Anymore, but...

Background: Physical Activity (PA) provides numerous biological and psychological benefits, especially for cancer patients. PA mitigates treatment side effects, influences hormones, inflammation, adiposity, and immune function, and reduces symptoms of anxiety, depression, and fatigue. This study evaluates the impact of PA on these positive outcomes. Materials and Methods: An observational retrospective study enrolled 81 patients: 31 with CKD stages II-V and 50 with CKD and urological malignancies. Baseline and 6-month follow-up visits included clinical (Iohexol, Creatinine, Cystatin C) and anthropometric parameters (Bioimpedance Analysis, body circumferences). Physical activity levels were assessed using the Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity (RAPA) test. Patients followed a Mediterranean-like diet with controlled protein intake (MCPD) and received PA improvement advice. Statistical analysis was performed using linear regression and Pearson's Chi-Squared test with R programming. Results: Significant reductions in total adiposity and abdominal fat and improved body fluid distribution were observed. Post intervention, there was a 25.4% reduction in inactive individuals and an 88% increase in active lifestyles. Patients aged 75+ were more likely to be sedentary, indicating a need for increased professional attention. No correlation was found between increased PA and creatinine, cystatin, and eGFR values, but a positive correlation with GFR measured by iohexol clearance remained significant in multivariate analysis. Post intervention, regular PA engagement increased from 12.3% to 48% (p < 0.002). Conclusions: Incorporating PA and nutritional assessments into standard clinical care, supported by a collaborative nephrologist-nutritionist approach, can enhance the quality of life of CKD patients.