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Updated: May 30, 2025

Individualized Reconstitution of Human Milk Microbiota: A Feasible Approach in Real-World Settings

Individualized Reconstitution of Human Milk Microbiota: A Feasible Approach in Real-World Settings

Published on: February 7, 2025

A Pilot Study Exploring the Relationship Between Milk Composition and Microbial Capacity in Breastfed Infants.

Ashwana D Fricker^1,2, Kristija Sejane³, Mina Desai^4,5

¹Department of Biology, California State University, Northridge, CA 91330, USA.

|January 25, 2025

Summary

Maternal BMI did not alter human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) or infant gut microbes. However, specific HMOs correlated with infant gut bacteria, influencing microbiome composition and function.

Keywords:

human milk oligosaccharides infant metagenome microbiome

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Area of Science:

Microbiome research
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs)
Infant gut microbiome

Background:

Maternal obesity is linked to childhood obesity, potentially via infant gut microbiome alterations.
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are key modulators of the infant gut microbiome.
Maternal diet and BMI may influence HMO profiles and infant gut microbial colonization.

Purpose of the Study:

To characterize HMO profiles in normal-weight versus overweight/obese mothers.
To quantitatively link HMO concentrations to infant gut microbiome composition and function.
To investigate the impact of maternal BMI on milk HMOs and infant gut microbial ecology.

Main Methods:

Cross-sectional pilot study of 9 normal-weight and 11 overweight/obese breastfeeding mothers and their infants.
Collection of human milk and infant rectal swabs 7-9 weeks postpartum.
Analysis of HMOs (HPLC), microbiome composition (16S rRNA sequencing), and microbial functions (metagenomic sequencing).

Main Results:

No significant differences in HMO profiles or infant microbiome composition based on maternal BMI.
Infant gut microbiota dominated by Bifidobacterium and other typical lineages.
Positive correlations found between specific HMOs (LNnT, LNH) and the bacterial genus Prevotella.
Identified HMO-degradative capacity within Bifidobacterium and Prevotella genera.

Conclusions:

Maternal BMI status does not appear to influence human milk HMO profiles.
Specific HMOs correlate with infant gut bacterial taxa, impacting microbiome composition.
Human milk composition plays a role in shaping the infant gut microbiome's taxonomic and functional potential.