Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Lysosomal Hydrolases

Lysosomal Hydrolases

Lysosomes are the site for the degradation of macromolecules and biological polymers released during membrane trafficking events such as secretory, endocytic, autophagic, and phagocytic pathways. The membrane-enclosed area of the lysosome, called the lumen, contains hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment. These acid hydrolases are functional at a pH between 4.5 and 5 and are involved in cellular processes such as cell signaling, energy metabolism, restoration of the plasma membrane,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Comparison of ethambutol versus streptomycin during the intensive phase in treatment of tuberculous meningitis: an open-label randomized clinical trial.

Postgraduate medical journal·2026

Same author

Ambivalent Copper: Mechanistically Distinct Immune Effects Driving Innovation in Cancer Nanomedicine.

Pharmaceutics·2026

Same author

Copper ionophores drive divergent responses to immune checkpoint inhibition across colorectal tumor models.

Cancer letters·2026

Same author

Rare but real: Unusual side effects of chlorhexidine mouthwash - A case-based perspective.

Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology·2025

Same author

Effect of Local Corticosteroid Injection in the Non-Injected Hand Following Unilateral Injection in Patients With Bilateral Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Muscle & nerve·2025

Same author

Liposomal delivery of a disulfiram metabolite drives copper-mediated tumor immunity.

International journal of pharmaceutics·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2025

Assessing Autophagic Flux by Measuring LC3, p62, and LAMP1 Co-localization Using Multispectral Imaging Flow Cytometry

Assessing Autophagic Flux by Measuring LC3, p62, and LAMP1 Co-localization Using Multispectral Imaging Flow Cytometry

Published on: July 21, 2017

Liposomal Formulation of Hydroxychloroquine Can Inhibit Autophagy In Vivo.

Wieslawa H Dragowska¹, Jagbir Singh^1,2, Mohamed Wehbe^1,3

¹Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada.

|January 25, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Liposomal hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) enhanced autophagy inhibition in preclinical cancer models. However, this did not improve therapeutic outcomes when combined with gefitinib for resistant breast cancer.

Keywords:

autophagy breast cancer gefitinib hydroxychloroquine liposomes

More Related Videos

siRNA Electroporation to Modulate Autophagy in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1-Infected Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells

siRNA Electroporation to Modulate Autophagy in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1-Infected Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells

Published on: October 28, 2019

The Lactate Dehydrogenase Sequestration Assay — A Simple and Reliable Method to Determine Bulk Autophagic Sequestration Activity in Mammalian Cells

The Lactate Dehydrogenase Sequestration Assay — A Simple and Reliable Method to Determine Bulk Autophagic Sequestration Activity in Mammalian Cells

Published on: July 27, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 30, 2025

Assessing Autophagic Flux by Measuring LC3, p62, and LAMP1 Co-localization Using Multispectral Imaging Flow Cytometry

Assessing Autophagic Flux by Measuring LC3, p62, and LAMP1 Co-localization Using Multispectral Imaging Flow Cytometry

Published on: July 21, 2017

siRNA Electroporation to Modulate Autophagy in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1-Infected Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells

siRNA Electroporation to Modulate Autophagy in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1-Infected Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells

Published on: October 28, 2019

The Lactate Dehydrogenase Sequestration Assay — A Simple and Reliable Method to Determine Bulk Autophagic Sequestration Activity in Mammalian Cells

The Lactate Dehydrogenase Sequestration Assay — A Simple and Reliable Method to Determine Bulk Autophagic Sequestration Activity in Mammalian Cells

Published on: July 27, 2018

Area of Science:

Oncology
Pharmacology
Cancer Biology

Background:

Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) impairs autophagy, enhancing anti-cancer therapy in preclinical studies.
Achieving effective in vivo HCQ concentrations at tumor sites is challenging.
Previous research showed free HCQ combined with gefitinib reduced tumor volume in gefitinib-resistant breast cancer xenografts.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate if liposomal HCQ can modulate autophagy in vivo.
To assess if liposomal HCQ augments treatment outcomes in a gefitinib-resistant breast cancer model.

Main Methods:

Developed pH-loaded and copper-complexed liposomal HCQ formulations.
Evaluated pharmacokinetics in CD1 mice and efficacy in immunocompromised mice with JIMT-1 xenografts.
Assessed autophagy markers (LC3-II, p62) in tumor tissue via Western blot.

Main Results:

Liposomal HCQ formulations increased total drug exposure ~850-fold compared to free HCQ.
Both liposomal and free HCQ with gefitinib showed comparable therapeutic benefits.
Liposomal HCQ combination showed enhanced in vivo autophagy inhibition (increased LC3-II and p62) versus free HCQ.

Conclusions:

Liposomal HCQ demonstrates greater in vivo autophagy modulation potential than free HCQ.
This enhanced autophagy inhibition did not translate to improved therapeutic effects in this gefitinib-resistant model.