Innovative Lipid Nanoparticles Co-Delivering Hydroxychloroquine and siRNA for Enhanced Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapy

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a debilitating autoimmune disorder characterized by chronic inflammation and joint damage. Despite advancements in treatment, complete remission remains elusive. Methods: In this study, we introduce a novel lipid nanoparticle formulation co-delivering hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and siRNA targeting TNF-α (siTNF-α) using microfluidic technology, marking the first use of such a combination for RA therapy. Results: In LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, the nanoparticles effectively reduced inflammatory markers. When administered via an intra-articular injection in a rat model, they significantly decreased joint inflammation and demonstrated good biological safety. Conclusions: This pioneering approach highlights the potential of lipid nanoparticles as a dual-delivery platform for enhanced RA treatment through targeted intra-articular administration.