Niosome Preparation Techniques and Structure-An Illustrated Review

Area of Science:

• Pharmaceutical Sciences
• Materials Science
• Biotechnology

Background:

• Niosomes are versatile non-ionic surfactant-based vesicles gaining traction in drug delivery.
• Traditional niosome preparation methods face challenges in controlling particle size and drug encapsulation.
• Advancements in niosome technology are crucial for overcoming drug delivery limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive review of niosome research, focusing on preparation methods and drug delivery applications.
• To highlight contemporary strategies and prospective advancements in niosome-based drug delivery systems.
• To introduce and discuss the novel ball milling method for niosome preparation.

Main Methods:

• A mixed-methods approach was employed, involving extensive literature searches in Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science.
• Articles were critically selected based on their relevance to niosome preparation and drug delivery.
• The review synthesizes information on historical development, preparation techniques, and innovative applications.

Main Results:

• The ball milling method (BM) offers precise control over niosome size and shape, surpassing traditional techniques.
• Niosomes demonstrate improved drug release, encapsulation efficiency, and uniformity using the BM method.
• Niosomes effectively encapsulate hydrophobic, hydrophilic, and amphiphilic drugs, with tunable particle size and zeta potential.

Conclusions:

• Niosomes represent a promising platform for advanced drug delivery across transdermal, oral, and cellular routes.
• The ball milling method is a significant advancement in niosome preparation, enhancing their therapeutic potential.
• Optimizing niosome characteristics through novel methods is key to unlocking the full potential of modern therapeutics.