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Multicenter screening for ADHD among school-age pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes - study protocol.

Hanna Kuśmierczyk-Kozieł1, Arkadiusz Michalak1,2,3, Jędrzej Chrzanowski2

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.

Nordic Journal of Psychiatry
|January 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study developed a screening protocol to identify attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in Polish children with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Early diagnosis of ADHD in T1D patients is crucial for better health outcomes.

Keywords:
Type 1 diabetesattention deficit hyperactivity disorderconners 3 questionnairescreening

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric endocrinology
  • Neurodevelopmental disorders
  • Clinical psychology

Background:

  • Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affects 5% of children, with higher prevalence in those with type 1 diabetes (T1D).
  • Untreated ADHD can negatively impact T1D management and may be underdiagnosed in Poland.
  • International guidelines recommend neurodevelopmental assessments for children with T1D, but specific protocols are lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and implement a systemic screening protocol for assessing ADHD prevalence in Polish children with T1D.
  • To provide a framework for clinical practice to identify ADHD in this vulnerable population.

Main Methods:

  • A multi-center screening protocol was developed for children aged 8-16 with T1D (duration ≥1 year) and no major comorbidities.
  • The protocol involves a two-stage approach: initial screening with the Conners 3 questionnaire, followed by structured consultations with a psychologist and psychiatrist for high-risk individuals.
  • Utilized tools include the Conners 3 and MINI-Kid questionnaires, with both on-site and video consultations.

Main Results:

  • The screening is ongoing in four Polish pediatric centers, covering approximately 2,500 youth with T1D.
  • The study aims to diagnose ADHD in approximately 190 children over a 36-month period.
  • Data collection initiated between January and May 2023.

Conclusions:

  • The comorbidity of ADHD and T1D presents a significant, often unrecognized, challenge in pediatric care.
  • There is a critical need for effective diagnostic protocols to address ADHD in children with T1D.
  • The developed protocol offers a potential solution for systematic ADHD screening in this population.