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1Director and Professor, School of Nursing Assistant Dean, Research, Faculty of Health Dalhousie University Affiliate Scientist, Nova Scotia Health Affiliate Scientist, Maritime SPOR Support Unit Halifax, NS Co-Director, Canadian Centre for Advanced Practice Nursing Research Hamilton, ON.
Millions of Canadians lack regular healthcare access, facing rising mental health issues and overburdened emergency departments. Social determinants like cost of living and systemic racism exacerbate these persistent health challenges in 2025.
Area of Science:
- Healthcare Access and Delivery
- Public Health Challenges
- Social Determinants of Health
Background:
- Significant health and healthcare challenges persist in Canada as of 2025.
- Canadian Institute for Health Information data reveals 17% of adults lack regular healthcare provider access.
- Rising mental health concerns are compounded by social determinants of health, leading to care delays.
Purpose of the Study:
- To highlight the critical and ongoing health and healthcare challenges facing Canada.
- To underscore the impact of social determinants on health outcomes.
- To set the context for the 2025 Canadian Journal of Nursing Leadership issue.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of recent data from the Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI).
- Review of reported trends in healthcare access, mental health, and emergency department utilization.
- Examination of socioeconomic factors and systemic issues impacting health.
Main Results:
- 5.4 million Canadian adults (17%) do not have access to a regular healthcare provider.
- Emergency departments are experiencing increased burden due to primary care-sensitive conditions.
- Worsening social determinants of health include increased cost of living, gender-based violence, and systemic racism.
Conclusions:
- Canada faces multifaceted health system pressures requiring urgent attention.
- Addressing social determinants of health is crucial for improving population health outcomes.
- Systemic issues require comprehensive strategies to ensure equitable healthcare access and delivery.
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