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Natural disasters and suicidal behaviour: An updated systematic review
Tiago C Zortea1, Kairi Kõlves2, Kirsten Russell3
1Emergency Department Psychiatric Service, Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom; The Oxford Institute of Clinical Psychology Training & Research, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Isis Education Centre, Warneford Hospital, Oxford OX3 7J, United Kingdom; Suicidal Behaviour Research Laboratory, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Pears Building, Clarice, Glasgow G12 8TB, Scotland, United Kingdom.
Natural disasters are linked to increased suicidal ideation and behavior, though suicide mortality impacts vary. Contextual factors like socioeconomic status and individual vulnerabilities significantly influence these outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Health
- Public Health
- Psychiatry
Background:
- Systematic review updating prior research on the link between natural disasters and suicidal behavior.
- Focuses on studies published between 2012 and 2022.
Approach:
- Comprehensive search of 17 bibliographic databases.
- Included 64 primary studies analyzing natural disasters and suicidal ideation/behavior.
- Followed PRISMA checklist for systematic reviews.
Key Points:
- Earthquakes, droughts, hurricanes, floods, and tsunamis were the most studied disaster types.
- Natural disasters are consistently associated with increased suicidal ideation and non-fatal suicidal behavior.
- Suicide mortality impact varied significantly by disaster type, location, demographics, and time since event.
Conclusions:
- Findings on suicide mortality show considerable inconsistency, possibly due to methodological limitations or real differences.
- Socioeconomic adversity, individual vulnerabilities, and support systems mediate the relationship between natural disasters and suicidal behavior.
- Limitations include potential exclusion of non-English publications and heterogeneity in study methodologies.
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