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Predicting bullying victimization among adolescents using the risk and protective factor framework: a large-scale
Ethan Low1, Joshua Monsen2, Lindsay Schow2
1Computer Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, 84602, Utah, USA.
BMC Public Health
|January 25, 2025
Summary
Adolescent bullying is linked to younger age, social exclusion, and family problems. Early drinking is a key risk factor for online bullying, highlighting the need for targeted prevention strategies.
Area of Science:
- Adolescent Health
- Psychology
- Public Health
Background:
- Bullying, including physical, psychological, social, or educational harm, affects approximately 1 in 20 U.S. teens (aged 12-18).
- Understanding risk and protective factors is crucial for effective bullying prevention strategies.
- This study aimed to identify key factors associated with adolescent bullying victimization.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the primary risk and protective factors associated with bullying victimization in adolescents.
- To develop a comprehensive risk and protective factor profile for adolescent bullying.
- To inform the development of targeted prevention programs.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of data from the Student Health and Risk Prevention (SHARP) survey (2009-2021) involving 345,506 Utah students.
- Utilized machine learning (LightGBM) with 70% accuracy to model bullying victimization.
- Employed SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) values to interpret model predictions and identify key predictors.
Main Results:
- Younger grade levels, social exclusion, and family issues (arguments, insults, drug use) significantly increase bullying risk.
- Family issues and disliking school were highly predictive for both male and female adolescents.
- Early onset of drinking was strongly associated with online bullying victimization.
Conclusions:
- Identified key demographic, social, and familial risk and protective factors for adolescent bullying.
- Findings emphasize the critical role of family relationships and social support in preventing bullying.
- Results support the need for prevention programs addressing family dynamics and social inclusion, with future research focusing on diverse populations and longitudinal data.
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