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A panel of cancer testis antigens in squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, head and neck, and esophagus: implication

Lin Li1,2, Xin Zhang1, Jiayao Yan3

  • 1Department of Pathology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cancer testis antigens (CTAs) are highly expressed in head and neck, lung, and esophageal squamous cell carcinomas. Their expression correlates with PD-L1, T cell infiltration, and progression, suggesting CTAs as potential immunotherapy targets.

Keywords:
Cancer testis antigensEsophageal squamous cell carcinomaHead and neck squamous cell carcinomaImmunotherapyLung squamous cell carcinomaPD-L1

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Cancer testis antigens (CTAs) are proteins normally expressed in germ cells but also found in various cancers.
  • Investigating CTA expression in squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) is crucial for understanding tumor biology and identifying therapeutic targets.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the expression of seven specific CTAs (MAGE-A1, MAGE-A4, MAGE-A10, MAGE-A11, PRAME, NY-ESO-1, KK-LC-1) across pan-squamous cell carcinomas.
  • To assess the prognostic value of these CTAs and their potential as immunotherapeutic targets.
  • To correlate CTA expression with PD-L1 expression and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs).

Main Methods:

  • Immunohistochemistry was used to assess protein expression of CTAs in 60 lung SCC (LUSC), 62 esophageal SCC (ESCA), and 62 head and neck SCC (HNSC) samples.
  • Progression-free survival (PFS) was analyzed in relation to CTA expression.
  • Kaplan-Meier Plotter was utilized to evaluate the prognostic impact of CTAs gene expression.
  • PD-L1 expression and TILs were quantified and correlated with CTA expression.

Main Results:

  • CTA expression varied across cancer types: 0-48% in ESCA, 3%-77% in LUSC, and 3%-71% in HNSC.
  • Significant correlations between specific CTA expression (MAGE-A1 in HNSC; PRAME in LUSC; MAGE-A10 and PRAME in ESCA) and improved PFS were observed.
  • Coexpression of three CTAs showed significant differences in PFS between patient groups.
  • CTA expression was significantly associated with PD-L1 expression and T cell infiltration.

Conclusions:

  • A high incidence of CTA expression is found in HNSC, LUSC, and ESCA.
  • CTA expression is linked to PD-L1 expression, T cell infiltration, and tumor progression.
  • These findings support the potential of CTAs as feasible vaccine targets for squamous cell carcinoma immunotherapy.