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Count-rate management in 131I SPECT/CT calibration.

Staffan Jacobsson Svärd1, Cecilia Hindorf1,2, Joachim N Nilsson3,4

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EJNMMI Physics
|January 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Accurate SPECT/CT dosimetry requires correcting for count losses in Iodine-131 (131I) calibration. This study provides practical methods to improve calibration accuracy by addressing dead time and pulse pileup without complex tools.

Keywords:
131ICalibrationDosimetryQuantificationSPECT/CT

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Nuclear Medicine
  • Radiological Physics

Background:

  • System calibration is crucial for accurate SPECT/CT dosimetry.
  • High count rates with Iodine-131 (131I) can lead to calibration errors from dead time and pulse pileup.
  • Low count rate calibrations are susceptible to background noise and statistical fluctuations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present experimental data on count-rate dependencies in 131I SPECT/CT calibration.
  • To propose practical routines for mitigating calibration errors without advanced analysis.
  • To improve the accuracy of SPECT/CT dosimetry for 131I procedures.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed sensitivity of two GE Discovery 670 Pro systems using Jaszczak phantoms.
  • Collected SPECT/CT data over two months with decaying 131I activity (>2 GBq to ~20 MBq).
  • Analyzed count losses due to dead time and pulse pileup across a range of activities.

Main Results:

  • Robust calibration for 131I phantom activities between 250 and 1500 MBq was achieved.
  • Demonstrated significant count-rate dependencies affecting system sensitivity.
  • Identified optimal activity ranges for reliable calibration.

Conclusions:

  • Adequate corrections for dead-time and pulse-pileup are essential for accurate SPECT/CT calibration.
  • Loss corrections should utilize total spectrum count rates, not just specific energy windows.
  • Homogeneous Jaszczak phantom analysis provides robust calibration; delineated inserts offer practical quality control.