Predictive complement biomarkers for relapse in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Immunology
• Biochemistry

Background:

• Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) require reliable biomarkers for disease activity and prognosis.
• The role of complement factors in NMOSD prognosis remains to be fully elucidated.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the association between specific complement factors and the long-term prognosis of NMOSD patients.
• To identify potential laboratory biomarkers for predicting NMOSD relapse and disability progression.

Main Methods:

• Serum samples from 34 NMOSD patients, collected at recurrence, were analyzed for complement factors (Ba, sC5b-9, FH, CH50).
• Patients were followed for 3 years without biologic treatment, with clinical data and CSF analysis collected.
• Statistical analysis correlated complement levels with disability (EDSS) and relapse rates.

Main Results:

• Soluble C5b-9 (sC5b-9) levels correlated with annual relapse rates and differentiated patients based on 1-year relapse.
• sC5b-9 and factor H (FH) levels were significantly associated with 3-year recurrence-free rates.
• Elevated sC5b-9 and low FH levels indicated an increased risk of recurrence; CH50 was not a useful predictor.

Conclusions:

• Complement factors, particularly sC5b-9 and FH, serve as potential prognostic biomarkers in NMOSD.
• These biomarkers may aid in guiding future treatment decisions and monitoring disease course.