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Quantifying structural changes in organised biomineralized surfaces using synchrotron Polarisation-Induced Contrast

Hui Lynn Ooi1, Alexander Morrell1, Aaron LeBlanc1

  • 1Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom.

Acta Biomaterialia
|January 26, 2025
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We developed Calcium (Ca) K-edge Polarisation Induced Contrast X-ray Fluorescence (PIC-XRF) to quantify biomineral surface structure. This method enables repeated, minimally invasive analysis of hydroxyapatite (HAp) crystallite orientation and texture, crucial for regenerative strategies.

Keywords:
DemineralizationEnamelErosionPIC-XRFStructureSynchrotronX-ray absorption spectroscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Biomineralization research
  • Materials science
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Quantitative characterization of biomineral surfaces is vital for regenerative medicine.
  • Existing techniques for surface analysis have limitations, including extensive sample preparation, limited scale, and inability for repeated measurements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop Calcium (Ca) K-edge Polarisation Induced Contrast X-ray Fluorescence (PIC-XRF) for quantifying hydroxyapatite (HAp) crystallite structural arrangements.
  • To address limitations of current techniques by enabling minimally prepared, repeated surface measurements.
  • To analyze structural changes in biomineral surfaces, exemplified by human dental enamel.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Calcium (Ca) K-edge Polarisation Induced Contrast X-ray Fluorescence (PIC-XRF) with a focused monochromatic X-ray source.
  • Measured minimally prepared human dental enamel at different rotational angles.
  • Quantified crystallite orientations (principal and secondary) and texture in low and high textured surfaces.

Main Results:

  • PIC-XRF successfully quantified HAp crystallite orientations and texture in human dental enamel.
  • The technique identified crystallites oriented perpendicular to the surface, a challenge for other synchrotron methods.
  • Detected significant structural modifications following short-term acid erosion, including shifts in crystallite orientation and reduced surface texture (p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

  • PIC-XRF is a powerful tool for quantifying biomineral surface structure with minimal sample preparation.
  • The method allows for monitoring of surface structural changes through repeated measurements.
  • Findings suggest preferential dissolution of HAp based on crystallite orientation, offering insights for regenerative strategies.