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Protein Complexes with Interchangeable Parts

Protein Complexes with Interchangeable Parts

Groups of proteins may form a complex where each protein in this complex has a different role in the overall execution of the complex’s function. Often some of the proteins in the complex can be replaced by a closely related variant to give a complex that contains many of the same components yet is functionally distinct.
The SCF ubiquitin ligase is a protein complex of five individual proteins. This complex attaches ubiquitin to other target proteins to mark them for degradation. In order...

Antibody Structure

Antibody Structure

Overview
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...

Antibody Structure and Classes

Antibody Structure and Classes

Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins, are produced by B cells in response to foreign substances, such as bacteria and viruses. These proteins are critical for recognizing and neutralizing these substances, protecting the body from potential harm.
The basic structure of an antibody consists of four protein chains: two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains. These chains are held together by disulfide bonds and other non-covalent interactions, forming a Y-shaped structure.

Cross-reactivity

Cross-reactivity

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A GPC3-targeting Bispecific Antibody, GPC3-S-Fab, with Potent Cytotoxicity

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Engineered protein G variants for multifunctional antibody-based assemblies.

Tomasz Slezak¹, Kelly M O'Leary¹, Jinyang Li¹

¹Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

Protein Science : a Publication of the Protein Society

|January 26, 2025

Summary

Researchers created modular antibody building blocks for easy assembly of powerful multifunctional tools. This plug-and-play system enables rapid creation of customized reagents for cell biology and cancer research.

Keywords:

antibody engineering bispecific antibodies cell biology applications engineered protein G modular protein assembly

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Published on: September 14, 2018

Area of Science:

Biotechnology
Molecular Biology
Immunology

Background:

Traditional antibody engineering is time-consuming and complex.
Need for versatile and rapidly customizable antibody-based tools for research.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a modular, plug-and-play platform for rapid assembly of multifunctional antibody reagents.
To demonstrate the utility of this platform for multiplexed antigen detection, IgG-like assemblies, and bispecific T-cell engagers.

Main Methods:

Engineering of antibody Fab scaffolds and Protein G (PG) variants using phage display for high specificity.
Development of a modular system for creating IgG-like and bispecific antibody assemblies.
Application of the system for multiplexed antigen detection and bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE) fabrication.

Main Results:

Demonstrated successful creation of prefabricated antibody modules that snap together.
Showcased multiplexed antigen detection using PG-SNAP-tag fusions.
Produced customized IgG-like and bispecific antibodies rapidly from bulk modules.
Validated the efficacy of BiTEs derived from the platform in cancer cell-killing assays.

Conclusions:

The developed plug-and-play antibody platform offers a user-friendly and versatile solution for creating customized antibody reagents.
This system significantly reduces the time and effort required for antibody-based tool development.
The platform has broad applicability in cell biology research, diagnostics, and therapeutic development.