Recent Advances in Nanotherapeutics and Theranostics for Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Comprehensive Review

Recent advancements in nanotherapeutics have revolutionized cancer treatment through the integration of diagnostic and therapeutic modalities, known as theranostics. This critical review examines the current landscape of nanotherapeutics for various cancers, such as bladder and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, highlighting current advancements in nanotherapeutics and challenges. Key approaches discussed include biomimetic smart nanocarriers, polymeric smart nanocarriers, inorganic-based smart nanocarriers, and nanorobots. Furthermore, diverse nanomaterials have been explored in theranostics, including liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, and inorganic nanoparticles such as quantum dots and mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Furthermore, the integration of imaging techniques such as surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and positron emission tomography (PET) with therapeutic nanoparticles has been analyzed for potential clinical applications.