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Fish Oil's Preventive Effect on Two-Stage Skin Carcinogenesis in Swiss Albino Mice: Involvement of NF-ҝB Pathways and

Hayeme Cheniti1, Assia Kadi1, Rym Agred2

  • 1Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, Badji Mokhtar-Annaba University, Annaba, Algeria.

Molecular Nutrition & Food Research
|January 27, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Fish oil (FO) demonstrates dose-dependent chemopreventive effects against skin cancer. Optimal oral or topical FO dosages significantly reduced cancer development by downregulating nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and alleviating oxidative stress.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Dermatology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Skin carcinogenesis is a complex process involving genetic and environmental factors.
  • The nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway and oxidative stress are implicated in skin cancer development.
  • Chemoprevention strategies aim to prevent or delay cancer initiation and progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the chemopreventive mechanisms of fish oil (FO) in a mouse model of skin carcinogenesis.
  • To evaluate the effects of different doses and administration routes of FO on tumor development.
  • To assess the impact of FO on NF-κB pathway activation and oxidative stress markers.

Main Methods:

  • Induction of skin carcinogenesis using 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) and croton oil in Swiss albino mice.
  • Administration of fish oil (FO) orally or topically at various doses.
  • Morphological and anatomopathological analysis of skin lesions.
  • Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) for NF-κB gene expression.
  • Assessment of oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activities.

Main Results:

  • DMBA treatment induced invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).
  • High-dose oral (500 mg/kg/day) and topical FO prevented cancer development.
  • Lower oral doses of FO showed limited or no therapeutic effect.
  • FO treatment significantly reduced NF-κB1 gene expression and oxidative stress markers.
  • FO treatment restored antioxidant enzyme activities.

Conclusions:

  • Fish oil exhibits dose-dependent chemopreventive properties against skin carcinogenesis.
  • Oral administration of FO can be as effective as topical application with appropriate dosing.
  • FO's chemoprotective effects are mediated by the downregulation of the NF-κB pathway and reduction of oxidative stress.
Keywords:
DMBANF‐ҝBcroton oilfish oilsquamous cell carcinoma

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