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Related Concept Videos

Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

18.2K
Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
18.2K
Lattice Centering and Coordination Number02:33

Lattice Centering and Coordination Number

9.5K
The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
Types of Unit Cells
Imagine taking a large number of identical...
9.5K
The Aufbau Principle and Hund's Rule03:02

The Aufbau Principle and Hund's Rule

45.8K
To determine the electron configuration for any particular atom, we can build the structures in the order of atomic numbers. Beginning with hydrogen, and continuing across the periods of the periodic table, we add one proton at a time to the nucleus and one electron to the proper subshell until we have described the electron configurations of all the elements. This procedure is called the aufbau principle, from the German word aufbau (“to build up”). Each added electron occupies the...
45.8K
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

8.4K
Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
8.4K
Electron Configurations02:46

Electron Configurations

16.2K
Electron configurations and orbital diagrams can be determined by applying the Aufbau principle (each added electron occupies the subshell of lowest energy available), Pauli exclusion principle (no two electrons can have the same set of four quantum numbers), and Hund’s rule of maximum multiplicity (whenever possible, electrons retain unpaired spins in degenerate orbitals).
The relative energies of the subshells determine the order in which atomic orbitals are filled (1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p,...
16.2K
Structural Isomerism02:34

Structural Isomerism

19.1K
Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly, SCN− can...
19.1K

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Heteroatom number-dependent cluster frameworks in structurally comparable Pd-Au nanoclusters.

Ziwei Fu1, Chen Li1, Ye Tian1

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P. R. China. kangxi_chem@ahu.edu.cn.

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Alloying palladium (Pd) into gold (Au) nanoclusters alters their structure and electrocatalytic CO2 reduction. Higher Pd doping in Pd2Au12 disrupted the structure, reducing catalytic efficiency compared to Pd1Au12.

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Area of Science:

  • Nanomaterials Science
  • Catalysis
  • Surface Chemistry

Background:

  • Controlling nanocluster structure is key for tailored material properties.
  • Heteroatom doping offers a route to modify nanocluster frameworks and functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how varying palladium (Pd) doping levels affect the structure of gold (Au) nanoclusters.
  • To evaluate the impact of structural changes on the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction performance of Pd-Au nanoclusters.

Main Methods:

  • Controlled synthesis of Pd-alloyed Au12 nanoclusters with different Pd concentrations (Pd1Au12 and Pd2Au12).
  • Structural determination of the synthesized nanoclusters to reveal distinct kernel configurations.
  • Electrocatalytic testing for CO2 reduction to assess performance metrics like current density and selectivity.

Main Results:

  • Pd1Au12 nanoclusters adopted an icosahedral framework, while Pd2Au12 exhibited a toroidal structure.
  • The Pd1Au12 nanocluster showed superior electrocatalytic CO2 reduction, with higher current density and lower onset potential.
  • Pd1Au12 achieved greater CO selectivity (Faradaic efficiency) compared to Pd2Au12.

Conclusions:

  • The degree of Pd heteroatom doping significantly influences the structural configuration of Au nanoclusters.
  • Structural modifications induced by Pd doping directly impact electrocatalytic CO2 reduction efficiency and selectivity.
  • This study provides insights for designing customized Pd-Au nanoclusters by controlling Pd doping levels.