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Related Concept Videos

Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

13.0K
The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
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Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

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The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer...
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The Nucleosome Core Particle01:12

The Nucleosome Core Particle

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Nucleosomes are the DNA-histone complex, where the DNA strand is wound around the histone core. The histone core is an octamer containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins.
Nucleosomes, paradoxically, perform two opposite functions simultaneously. On the one hand, their primary aim is to protect the delicate DNA strands from physical damage and help achieve a higher compaction ratio. On the other hand, they must allow polymerase enzymes to access histone-bound DNA during...
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Histone Variants at the Centromere02:30

Histone Variants at the Centromere

4.3K
Histone variants are the histone proteins with structural and sequence variations. These variants may be regarded as “mutant” forms that replace their canonical histone counterparts in the nucleosomes. Specific post-translational modifications on the histone variants enable further chromatin complexity and regulate tissue-specific gene expression. The most common histone variants are from histone H2A, H2B, and linker histone H1 families. However, several variants of histone H3...
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Position-effect Variegation02:32

Position-effect Variegation

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In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2025

Isolation and Cultivation of Neural Progenitors Followed by Chromatin-Immunoprecipitation of Histone 3 Lysine 79 Dimethylation Mark
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A complex interplay between histone variants and DNA methylation.

Alejandro Edera1, Leandro Quadrana1

  • 1Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France.

Journal of Experimental Botany
|January 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Histone variants and DNA methylation are key epigenetic regulators. This review explores how nucleosome remodeling coordinates histone exchange and DNA methylation in plants for chromatin regulation.

Keywords:
ArabidopsisDNA methylationchromatin accessibilitychromatin remodelingepigeneticshistone variantslinker histone

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Complete Workflow for Analysis of Histone Post-translational Modifications Using Bottom-up Mass Spectrometry: From Histone Extraction to Data Analysis
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Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Plant Science

Background:

  • Nucleosomes are fundamental chromatin units controlling DNA accessibility.
  • Histone variants and nucleosome remodeling influence epigenetic pathways, including DNA methylation.
  • DNA methylation acts as a stable epigenetic mark suppressing transposable elements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in understanding histone variants and DNA methylation interplay in plants.
  • To discuss the role of chromatin remodeling in coordinating histone exchange and DNA methylation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent research.
  • Analysis of epigenetic mechanisms in plants.

Main Results:

  • Histone variants and DNA methylation are intricately linked in plant chromatin regulation.
  • Chromatin remodeling is crucial for coordinating histone dynamics and DNA methylation patterns.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the interplay between histone variants, DNA methylation, and chromatin remodeling is vital for plant epigenetics.
  • This coordination provides an additional layer of chromatin regulation, impacting gene expression and genome stability.