Characterizing the pan-cancer role of exosomal miRNAs in metastasis across cancers
Contact us if these videos are not relevant.
Contact us if these videos are not relevant.
View abstract on PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.Exosomal microRNAs (exomiRs) from seven cancers influence the pre-metastatic niche by regulating tumor suppressor genes. These exomiRs and their targets show potential for predicting patient survival and therapy response.
Area Of Science
- Oncology
- Molecular Biology
- Genomics
Background
- Exosomal microRNAs (exomiRs) are key mediators of intercellular communication in cancer.
- They regulate critical processes including proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis.
- exomiRs are promising diagnostic and therapeutic targets.
Purpose Of The Study
- To characterize the role of exomiRs from seven cancer types in influencing the pre-metastatic niche (PMN).
- To identify high-confidence exomiRs and their validated targets.
- To analyze enriched pathways and their association with cancer progression and patient outcomes.
Main Methods
- Extraction of high-confidence exomiRs (LogFC >= 2) and their validated targets from four cancer cell lines and three tumors.
- Pathway enrichment analysis and selection of top 100 targets based on frequency.
- Gene Ontology analysis, motif analysis, Cox regression (TCGA), and support vector machine (SVM) modeling.
Main Results
- Identified significantly higher GC content in exomiRs compared to genomic background.
- Gene Ontology analysis revealed involvement in general and cancer-specific processes like angiogenesis and ossification.
- ExomiR targets were enriched for tumor suppressor genes, downregulated in lung PMN, and associated with better patient survival (Cox regression).
- SVM model accurately classified therapy responders (AUROC 0.72-0.96).
Conclusions
- ExomiRs play a significant role in shaping the PMN and influencing cancer progression.
- ExomiR targets are linked to patient survival and therapeutic response.
- This study highlights exomiRs as valuable biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment selection.
Contact us if these videos are not relevant.
Contact us if these videos are not relevant.
Related Concept Videos
Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...
MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
Exosomes are stable, lipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles capable of crossing biological barriers. They can carry a wide range of molecules required for intercellular communication. Once exosomes are released from the cell where they originated, they enter a recipient cell through various pathways such as fusion, receptor-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis.
Stahl et al. discovered exosomes in 1983, but the exosomes were initially considered waste products released from the...
Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...