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Related Concept Videos

Toxic Reactions: Overview01:26

Toxic Reactions: Overview

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When toxic substances penetrate the human body, they disseminate to various tissues, undergoing metabolic changes. This process yields reactive metabolites that may covalently bind with specific target molecules, resulting in toxicity.
Toxicity falls into two primary categories: local and systemic.
Local toxicity appears at the exposure site, such as protein denaturation caused by caustic substances.
In contrast, systemic toxicity requires the toxic agent's absorption and distribution,...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
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Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

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Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
Cirrhosis is characterized by the scarring of hepatic lobules in the liver, which are replaced by fibrous tissue, affecting the liver's normal functioning. NAFLD, on the other hand, is caused by an excessive build-up of fat in the liver, not...
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Liver Physiology01:30

Liver Physiology

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The liver, an essential organ in the human body, performs over 200 vital functions that can be broadly categorized into metabolic, hematological, endocrine regulation, and bile production.
Metabolic Regulation:
The liver is the central organ involved in regulating blood composition. It stabilizes blood glucose levels, maintaining them within the range of  70–110 mg/dL. When these levels drop, the liver breaks down glycogen reserves and releases glucose into the bloodstream. It can...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2025

Human Liver Microphysiological System for Assessing Drug-Induced Liver Toxicity In Vitro
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MAFLD: Exploring the Systemic Effects Beyond Liver.

Utkarsh Dayal1, Ujjwal Soni2, Sourav Bansal3

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Vincent Hospital, Worcester, MA.

Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives
|January 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is linked to increased risks of chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease. Understanding the gut-liver-kidney axis is key to managing these interconnected health issues.

Keywords:
CKDCVDMAFLDMetabolic syndromeNAFLDNASH

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Nephrology
  • Cardiology
  • Endocrinology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a prevalent condition driven by obesity and diabetes.
  • MAFLD encompasses a spectrum of liver fat accumulation, from simple steatosis to advanced liver disease.
  • MAFLD is associated with significant comorbidities, including chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the complex associations between MAFLD, cardiovascular complications, and renal issues.
  • To highlight the role of the gut-liver-kidney axis in MAFLD pathogenesis.
  • To emphasize the importance of understanding pathophysiological pathways for managing MAFLD-related risks.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective review of current scientific literature.
  • Analysis of research on the interplay between metabolic dysfunction, liver disease, gut microbiome, and systemic complications.
  • Synthesis of evidence linking inflammation, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance to MAFLD comorbidities.

Main Results:

  • MAFLD pathogenesis involves inflammation, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, and endothelial dysfunction, contributing to CVD risk.
  • Gut dysbiosis is increasingly recognized as a factor in MAFLD, particularly its association with CKD.
  • Hepatic steatosis and metabolic dysfunction are central to MAFLD diagnosis and its co-occurrence with other liver conditions.

Conclusions:

  • MAFLD significantly increases the risk of CKD, CVD, and other hepatic complications.
  • The gut-liver-kidney axis plays a critical role in the development and progression of MAFLD and its associated diseases.
  • Further research into these interconnected pathways is essential for effective clinical management and prevention strategies.