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Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:28

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

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Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow...
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Regulation of Heart Rates01:31

Regulation of Heart Rates

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The regulation of heart rate is a complex process controlled by the autonomic nervous system (ANS), hormonal influences, and intrinsic cardiac mechanisms. The ANS has two main components: the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS).
The SNS increases heart rate through the release of norepinephrine and epinephrine, which act on beta-1 adrenergic receptors in the heart. This action increases the rate of depolarization in the sinoatrial (SA) node, the heart's...
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Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias01:28

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias

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Arrhythmias are irregular heart rhythms occurring when the heart's electrical impulses become abnormal. These disturbances can lead to various symptoms, depending on their severity and the underlying cause. Some common factors contributing to arrhythmias include hypoxia, ischemia, electrolyte imbalances, excessive catecholamine exposure, drug toxicity, and muscle overstretching. Arrhythmias can be classified into two main types based on the rate and site of origin of abnormal heart rhythms.
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Factors Influencing Heart Rate01:30

Factors Influencing Heart Rate

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The heart rate, or pulse rate, is a vital indicator of cardiovascular health. It reflects the number of times the heart beats per minute. Various physiological and environmental factors influence heart rate, increasing or decreasing cardiac output. Understanding these factors is crucial for assessing heart function and identifying potential health issues.
Let us explore the significant factors affecting heart rate, including age, body temperature, posture, acute pain, chemical influences,...
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Conduction System of the Heart01:19

Conduction System of the Heart

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Autorhythmicity is a term that refers to the heart's inherent ability to generate electrical signals and instigate muscle contractions. This self-regulating conduction system within the heart consists of two key components: the pacemaker cells and specialized conducting cells.
The pacemaker cells are located in two primary nodes: the sinoatrial (SA) node and the atrioventricular (AV) node. The SA node pacemaker cells can autonomously depolarize, triggering an action potential that leads to the...
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Regulation of Pulse01:20

Regulation of Pulse

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Pulse regulation involves physiological mechanisms that ensure adequate blood flow throughout the body. The heartbeat, regulated by the autonomic nervous system, is influenced by hormonal balance, physical activity, and emotional state.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2025

Estimating Bilateral Atrial Function by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Feature Tracking in Patients with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation
08:10

Estimating Bilateral Atrial Function by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Feature Tracking in Patients with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation

Published on: July 20, 2022

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Autonomic Nervous System Activity before Atrial Fibrillation Onset as Assessed by Heart Rate Variability.

Jean-Marie Grégoire1,2, Cédric Gilon1, François Marelli3

  • 1IRIDIA, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium.

Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine
|January 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A significant short-term increase in vagal activity precedes most atrial fibrillation (AF) events. Analyzing heart rate variability (HRV) dynamics may optimize neuromodulation strategies for AF ablation.

Keywords:
atrial fibrillationautonomic nervous systemheart rate variabilityspectral analysis neuromodulation

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Autonomic Function Following Concussion in Youth Athletes: An Exploration of Heart Rate Variability Using 24-hour Recording Methodology

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Autonomic Nervous System Research
  • Medical Device Technology

Background:

  • Neuromodulation enhances atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation efficacy, but its mechanism via the autonomic nervous system (ANS) is unclear.
  • Intracardiac nervous system (ICNS) activity, a component of the ANS, can be assessed using heart rate variability (HRV).

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the role of ICNS changes before AF onset.
  • Analyze the evolution of HRV in a large patient cohort to understand pre-AF autonomic activity.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized 95,871 Holter recordings containing AF and sinus rhythm episodes.
  • Computed HRV parameters (RMSSD, pNN50, VLF, LF, HF) in 5-minute sliding windows preceding AF onset.
  • Analyzed changes in HRV parameters from 35 minutes to 5 minutes before AF episodes.

Main Results:

  • Observed a significant increase in premature atrial contractions (PACs) preceding AF.
  • Demonstrated a statistically significant increase in VLF, LF, HF, RMSSD, and pNN50 parameters before AF onset.
  • Identified a short-term increase in vagal activity preceding most AF events.

Conclusions:

  • Short-term increases in vagal activity are associated with the onset of AF.
  • Dynamic HRV changes may inform optimal neuromodulation strategies for AF treatment.