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Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is characterized by functional disturbances in the gastrointestinal system, presenting a cluster of symptoms without evident structural or biochemical abnormalities. It primarily affects the large intestine and may cause abdominal pain, bloating, excessive gas, diarrhea, constipation, or both.
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Inflammatory disease microbiomes share a functional pathogenicity predicted by C-reactive protein.

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The human gut microbiome influences inflammatory diseases like arthritis and colitis. Specific microbiome patterns correlate with disease severity and systemic inflammation in donors, revealing shared and unique disease mechanisms.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiome research
  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • The human gut microbiome plays a crucial role in health and disease.
  • Dysbiosis of the gut microbiome is implicated in various inflammatory conditions.
  • Understanding microbiome functions is key to developing novel therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the disease-specific and cross-disease functions of the human gut microbiome.
  • To identify how different human microbiomes influence inflammatory conditions in a host.
  • To explore the relationship between microbiome composition and host systemic inflammation.

Main Methods:

  • Colonization of germ-free mice with over 100 human fecal microbiomes from individuals with various inflammatory diseases.
  • Assessment of inflammatory phenotypes (arthritis, colitis, neuroinflammation) in colonized mice.
  • Correlation analysis between mouse inflammatory disease and host systemic inflammation markers (e.g., C-reactive protein) in human donors.

Main Results:

  • Common inflammatory phenotypes were observed across different diseases, driven by microbiomes from individuals with intestinal inflammation or inflammatory arthritis.
  • Distinct microbiome functions specific to multiple sclerosis patients were identified.
  • Inflammatory disease severity in mice correlated with systemic inflammation levels in human donors, indicating a link between donor and host inflammation.

Conclusions:

  • Human gut microbiomes harbor both shared and disease-specific pathogenic functions.
  • Microbiome-driven inflammation mirrors disease features, including therapeutic targets and systemic inflammation status.
  • These findings suggest that the gut microbiome is a significant factor in shaping and driving inflammatory responses across multiple diseases.