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Related Concept Videos

Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition01:24

Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition

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A revisionist approach to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development has brought new insights that challenge and reinterpret his established ideas. Piaget proposed that the formal operational stage, emerging in adolescence, represents the culmination of cognitive maturity. During this stage, individuals are said to develop abstract thinking, engage in systematic problem-solving, and show a form of egocentrism, believing others are as preoccupied with their behavior as they are...
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Piaget's Stage 3 of Cognitive Development01:17

Piaget's Stage 3 of Cognitive Development

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During Piaget's concrete operational stage, from ages 7 to 11, children exhibit a marked increase in logical thinking skills, specifically in relation to tangible, real-world events. This stage is characterized by the development of several essential cognitive concepts, including conservation, reversibility, and classification, all of which support the child's evolving capacity for structured thought.
Conservation and Constancy of Quantity
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Cognitive Development During Adolescence01:18

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During adolescence, individuals experience significant cognitive development that enhances their understanding of others' emotions and thoughts, known as cognitive empathy. This period is marked by an increased ability to adapt to others' perspectives and a more nuanced understanding of others' mental states, a skill that is foundational for social problem-solving and conflict avoidance. The development of cognitive empathy relies heavily on the theory of mind — the...
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Piaget's Stage 4 of Cognitive Development01:19

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The formal operational stage, as described in Piaget's cognitive development theory, begins around age 11 and extends into adulthood. It marks the emergence of advanced cognitive abilities that differentiate adolescent and adult thinking from those of younger children. This stage is characterized by abstract reasoning, hypothetical-deductive reasoning, and a more complex understanding of self and others.
Abstract Reasoning and Hypothetical-Deductive Thinking
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Information Processing Approach01:30

Information Processing Approach

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The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
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Depth Perception and Spatial Vision01:15

Depth Perception and Spatial Vision

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Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.
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Visuospatial computations vary by category and stream and continue to develop in adolescence.

Jewelia K Yao1, Justin Choo2, Dawn Finzi1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305.

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Summary

Visuospatial computations in the adolescent brain mature differently across visual streams. While location is set, size and coverage refine, optimizing visual functions through adolescence.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • Visuospatial computations in high-level visual cortex support functions like reading and face recognition.
  • The precise nature and developmental trajectory of these computations across different visual streams during adolescence are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the development of visuospatial computations in category-selective visual cortex during adolescence.
  • To compare the maturation of population receptive fields (pRFs) across ventral, lateral, and dorsal visual streams in adolescents and adults.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to study brain activity in adolescents and adults.
  • Population receptive field (pRF) modeling was employed to estimate pRF properties in high-level visual cortex.

Main Results:

  • pRF location, size, and visual field coverage varied by category, visual stream, and hemisphere in both age groups.
  • pRF location was mature by adolescence, but pRF size and visual field coverage continued to develop.
  • Face-selective regions showed increasing pRF size/coverage, while place-selective regions showed decreasing pRF size/coverage, paralleling category selectivity development.

Conclusions:

  • Visual functions supported by visuospatial computations undergo differential development through adolescence.
  • High-level visual cortex continues to optimize visuospatial computations to meet category and stream-specific demands during this period.