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Chronic stress has been linked to both the onset and progression of serious health conditions, including Type 2 diabetes and cancer. Type 2 diabetes, a widespread chronic illness, is closely associated with obesity and insulin resistance, both of which often worsen under stress. Studies indicate that men experiencing high levels of chronic stress face a 45% higher risk of developing diabetes compared to those with minimal stress. Stress triggers physiological responses that elevate blood...
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Stress Prevention and Stress Management Techniques IV01:26

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Stress often leads to unhealthy habits like smoking, excessive drinking, and overeating, which offer short-term relief but ultimately increase long-term health risks. These behaviors create a cycle that temporarily lowers stress levels but can result in severe long-term health consequences. Breaking these habits is essential to reduce the risk of chronic diseases and improve overall well-being. Three primary changes that support better health include quitting smoking, reducing alcohol intake,...
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Chronic stress profoundly affects mental health, significantly influencing mood, behavior, and overall quality of life. Research closely links chronic stress with mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders. Ongoing exposure to stress can lead to physiological and psychological changes, initiating a cycle of emotional distress and maladaptive coping mechanisms.
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Stress prevention and management are crucial for maintaining well-being and building resilience. Techniques to manage stress include cultivating qualities like conscientiousness, a sense of personal control, and self-efficacy. Each of these traits significantly reduces stress and promotes healthier lifestyle choices and outcomes.
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Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) is a multidisciplinary field that examines how psychological factors, particularly stress, interact with the immune system and impact physical health. Research in PNI has shown that chronic or traumatic stress can disrupt both the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system. These disruptions contribute to serious health conditions, including cardiovascular diseases.
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Psychological responses to stress encompass the various cognitive and emotional reactions individuals experience when faced with challenging or threatening situations, such as a job loss. Prolonged exposure to stressors can disturb emotional balance, increasing negative emotions (e.g., anxiety and sadness) and diminishing positive emotions (e.g., joy and satisfaction). These persistent emotional shifts are associated with an increased risk of both physical illness and mental health issues, such...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2025

Author Spotlight: Establishing a Rodent Model for Investigating Depression Factors in Traditional Mongolian Medicine
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Modifiable Risk Factors Including Self-Perceived Stress for Breast Cancer in Hong Kong: A Case-Control Study of 10

Winnie Yeo1, Lok-Wa Yuen2, Kelvin Kam-Fai Tsoi3

  • 1Department of Clinical Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong.

Clinical Medicine Insights. Oncology
|January 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary

High stress, dairy/meat-rich diets, delayed childbearing, and obesity are linked to increased breast cancer risk in Hong Kong women. Conversely, breastfeeding and exercise may reduce risk, suggesting lifestyle modifications can lower incidence.

Keywords:
ChineseModifiable risk factorbreast cancerdietexercisestress level

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Breast cancer is the most common female cancer in Hong Kong.
  • Beyond intrinsic factors, potentially modifiable lifestyle and reproductive factors influence breast cancer risk.
  • Identifying these modifiable factors is crucial for targeted prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate modifiable risk factors associated with breast cancer among Chinese women in Hong Kong.
  • To provide evidence for lifestyle modifications to reduce breast cancer incidence.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study was conducted between 2014 and 2017.
  • Breast cancer patients from the Hong Kong Breast Cancer Registry and matched healthy controls were recruited.
  • Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify potential risk factors.

Main Results:

  • Significant modifiable risk factors for increased breast cancer risk include high stress, dairy-rich diet, meat-rich diet, delayed childbearing, oral contraceptive use, nulliparity, and overweight/obesity.
  • Factors associated with decreased breast cancer risk include breastfeeding and regular exercise.
  • The study analyzed data from 5186 breast cancer patients and 5571 controls.

Conclusions:

  • High-stress levels, dietary patterns (meat/dairy-rich), reproductive history (delayed childbearing, nulliparity), oral contraceptive use, and overweight/obesity are identified as key modifiable risk factors.
  • Lifestyle modifications, including promoting breastfeeding and exercise, hold potential for reducing future breast cancer incidence.
  • These findings underscore the importance of public health initiatives focused on modifiable risk factors in breast cancer prevention.