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Hemostasis is a crucial process that prevents excessive blood loss from damaged blood vessels. It involves various mechanisms such as vasoconstriction, platelet adhesion and activation, and fibrin formation. The importance of each mechanism depends on the type of vessel injury. In contrast, thrombosis is the abnormal formation of a blood clot within the blood vessels, leading to potential complications if the clot obstructs blood flow. Thrombosis can be caused by increased coagulability of the...
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Hemostasis, the process that stops bleeding after a blood vessel injury, is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the circulatory system. However, disorders of hemostasis can disrupt this delicate balance, leading to either excessive clotting or bleeding. These disorders can be broadly classified into thromboembolic disorders and bleeding disorders.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2025

Comprehensive Analysis of Procoagulant Platelets Exhibiting Features of Necrosis, Apoptosis and Platelet Activation
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Alternative Complement Pathway in Carotid Atherosclerosis: Low Plasma Properdin Levels Associate With Long-Term

Mieke C Louwe1, Chrysostomi Gialeli2, Annika E Michelsen1,3

  • 1Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway.

Journal of the American Heart Association
|January 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Low plasma properdin levels are linked to increased cardiovascular mortality in patients with carotid atherosclerosis. Conversely, high properdin within plaques suggests local complement activation and plaque vulnerability.

Keywords:
alternative complement pathwaycarotid atherosclerosiscomplementplaque vulnerabilityproperdinstroke

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Immunology
  • Complement System Biology

Background:

  • Complement activation is implicated in atherosclerosis pathogenesis.
  • Limited data exists on alternative complement pathway activation in carotid atherosclerosis and its prognostic value.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the extent of alternative complement pathway activation in patients with carotid atherosclerosis.
  • To determine the association of complement factors with adverse outcomes, specifically cardiovascular mortality.

Main Methods:

  • Measured plasma levels of factor D, properdin, C3bBbP, and factor H using ELISA in two cohorts (Discovery and Validation).
  • Correlated plasma complement factor levels with adverse outcomes, including cardiovascular mortality, over a mean follow-up of 7 years.
  • Assessed intraplaque properdin levels and their correlation with plaque vulnerability markers.

Main Results:

  • Patients with carotid atherosclerosis exhibited increased plasma levels of factor D, properdin, and C3bBbP compared to controls.
  • Low plasma properdin levels (
  • High intraplaque properdin levels correlated with markers of plaque vulnerability and symptomatology.

Conclusions:

  • Low plasma properdin levels are a strong, independent predictor of cardiovascular mortality in carotid atherosclerosis patients.
  • Elevated intraplaque properdin suggests local alternative complement pathway activation and is linked to plaque vulnerability.