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Updated: May 30, 2025

Chemical-Induced Skin Carcinogenesis Model Using Dimethylbenz[a]Anthracene and 12-O-Tetradecanoyl Phorbol-13-Acetate DMBA-TPA
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The role of the microbiome in skin cancer development and treatment

Anthony Martin Fuentes1

  • 1San Roque Hospital, Lanzarote, Spain.

Current Opinion in Oncology
|January 27, 2025
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

The skin and gut microbiota significantly impact skin cancer development and treatment. Modulating these microbes, through strategies like fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), can enhance immunotherapy effectiveness for melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiome research
  • Immunodermatology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • The skin and gut microbiota play crucial roles in the development and treatment of skin cancers, including melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC).
  • Immune responses are significantly modulated by microbial communities, influencing the efficacy of cancer immunotherapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current research on how microbiota influences skin cancer.
  • To synthesize findings on microbiota's role in modulating immune responses for enhanced immunotherapy, specifically immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of preclinical and clinical studies.
  • Analysis of research on microbial modulation of immune responses in skin cancer.
  • Examination of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and its impact.

Main Results:

  • Microbiota influences skin cancer via immune modulation, inflammation, and metabolic interactions.
  • Beneficial bacteria (e.g., Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus) enhance anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 therapies by promoting T-cell activation.
  • Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and specific metabolites like inosine correlate with improved treatment response rates and enhanced anti-tumor activity.

Conclusions:

  • Microbiota-targeted interventions offer promising adjunctive therapies for skin cancer.
  • Probiotics, prebiotics, FMT, and microbiota modulation can improve immunotherapy outcomes and overcome resistance in melanoma and NMSC.

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