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Area of Science:

  • Ethology
  • Bioacoustics
  • Animal Communication

Background:

  • Standardized coding of mammalian facial movements, like Facial Action Coding Systems (FACS), is gaining traction.
  • Current FACS studies quantify distinct facial signals but may not capture the full range of possible facial configurations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the completeness of existing literature on facial signals in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and domestic cats (Felis silvestris catus).
  • To determine the potential range of facial configurations in these species based on anatomical capabilities.

Main Methods:

  • Adhered to FACS manual coding guidelines based on mammalian facial anatomy.
  • Created a comprehensive list of all potential facial configurations for the studied species.

Main Results:

  • Chimpanzees and domestic cats may possess the capability to produce thousands of facial configurations.
  • A significant number of these potential facial configurations remain undocumented in current research.

Conclusions:

  • Existing literature may underestimate the full repertoire of mammalian facial communication.
  • Further research and video analysis are needed to uncover potentially communicative facial configurations.
  • Findings can aid in evaluating FACS coding accuracy and understanding the evolution of complex mammalian communication.