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Related Concept Videos

Responses to Heat and Cold Stress02:45

Responses to Heat and Cold Stress

Every organism has an optimum temperature range within which healthy growth and physiological functioning can occur. At the ends of this range, there will be a minimum and maximum temperature that interrupt biological processes.
Heating and Cooling Curves02:44

Heating and Cooling Curves

When a substance—isolated from its environment—is subjected to heat changes, corresponding changes in temperature and phase of the substance is observed; this is graphically represented by heating and cooling curves.
For instance, the addition of heat raises the temperature of a solid; the amount of heat absorbed depends on the heat capacity of the solid (q = mcsolidΔT). According to thermochemistry, the relation between the amount of heat absorbed or released by a substance, q, and its...
Mechanism of heat transfer01:19

Mechanism of heat transfer

Understanding heat transfer mechanisms is essential for understanding how our bodies maintain balance in different environmental conditions. When the environment is thermoneutral, the body is in a state of balance, neither using nor releasing energy to maintain its core temperature. However, when the environment is not thermoneutral, the body employs four heat transfer mechanisms to maintain homeostasis: conduction, convection, evaporation, and radiation. These mechanisms facilitate heat...
Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II01:20

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II

In convection, thermal energy is carried by the large-scale flow of matter. Ocean currents and large-scale atmospheric circulation, which result from the buoyancy of warm air and water, transfer hot air from the tropics toward the poles and cold air from the poles toward the tropics. The Earth’s rotation interacts with those flows, causing the observed eastward flow of air in the temperate zones. Convection dominates heat transfer by air, and the amount of available space for the airflow...
Refrigerators and Heat Pumps01:07

Refrigerators and Heat Pumps

Refrigerators or heat pumps are heat engines operating in a reverse direction. For a refrigerator, the focus is on removing heat from a specific area, whereas, for a heat pump, the focus is on dumping heat into one particular area. A refrigerator (or heat pump) absorbs heat Qc from the cold reservoir at Kelvin temperature Tc and discards heat Qh to the hot reservoir at Kelvin temperature Th, while work W is done on the engine’s working substance.
A household refrigerator removes heat from the...
Mechanisms of Heat Transfer01:14

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer

Heat transfer between the human body and its environment occurs through four main mechanisms: conduction, convection, radiation, and evaporation.
Conduction, accounting for approximately 3% of body heat loss at rest, is the process of exchanging heat between molecules of two materials in direct contact. This can result in both heat loss and gain. For instance, when the body is submerged in water, which conducts heat 20 times more effectively than air, it can either lose or gain significant heat.

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Adaptive Phase Change Microcapsules for Efficient Sustainable Cooling.

Shuqi Zhang1,2, Guohao Xia1,2, Qian Zhu1,2

  • 1School of Artificial Intelligence Science and Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|January 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a novel composite film for passive radiative cooling that reduces heat loss during cold periods. The innovative material offers significant daytime cooling while minimizing nighttime heating expenses.

Keywords:
overcoolingphase change microcapsulesradiative coolingsilica-shell/oil-coretemperature adaptability

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Thermodynamics

Background:

  • Passive radiative cooling is a promising zero-energy solution for global warming.
  • Current research often overlooks excessive cooling during cold periods, increasing heating costs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a micro-nanostructured composite film for effective radiative cooling.
  • To mitigate overcooling and reduce heating demand in diverse environmental conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of silica-shell/oil-core phase change microcapsules (S-PCMs) with cellulose fibers.
  • Fabrication of a micro-nanostructured engineered composite film.

Main Results:

  • Achieved solar reflectance of 0.92 and mid-infrared emissivity of 0.96.
  • Demonstrated average daytime subambient cooling of 7.5 °C.
  • S-PCMs release stored heat, limiting temperature drop to an average of 3.0 °C difference.

Conclusions:

  • The S-PCMs/cellulose composite film effectively balances daytime cooling with reduced nighttime heat loss.
  • This technology offers a sustainable solution to mitigate radiative overcooling and decrease heating energy consumption.