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Factors Associated with Low/Moderate Perceived Risk for HIV Acquisition Among Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have

Hamid Vega-Ramirez1, Centli Guillen-Diaz-Barriga2, Ana Fresan3

  • 1Division of Epidemiology and Psychosocial Research, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramon de la Fuente Muñiz, Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, Alc. Tlalpan, 14370, Mexico City, Mexico. hamid.vega@inprf.gob.mx.

Archives of Sexual Behavior
|January 27, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) in Latin America often underestimate their HIV risk, despite high exposure. Prevention counseling should address HIV testing and app use to improve risk perception.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Social and Behavioral Sciences

Background:

  • Perceived risk for HIV acquisition among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) may not align with their actual sexual HIV exposure.
  • Factors associated with low/moderate perceived risk among GBMSM eligible for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) have been poorly described in Latin America.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify factors associated with low/moderate perceived risk for HIV acquisition among GBMSM eligible for PrEP in Brazil, Mexico, and Peru.
  • To highlight the gap between perceived and actual HIV risk in this population.

Main Methods:

  • Secondary analysis of a 2018 web-based cross-sectional survey.
  • Included cisgender men (≥18 years) who have sex with men, are not living with HIV, and had an HIV Incidence Risk Index for MSM score ≥10.
  • Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with low/moderate perceived risk.

Main Results:

  • A total of 9900 GBMSM were included; 85.7% reported low/moderate perceived risk.
  • Having ≥5 sex partners, daily use of geosocial networking (GSN) apps, and sex with a person living with HIV decreased odds of low/moderate perceived risk.
  • An HIV test in the last year increased odds of low/moderate perceived risk only in Mexico.

Conclusions:

  • Latin GBMSM with high sexual HIV exposure exhibit a significant discrepancy between their perceived and actual risk.
  • HIV prevention counseling should incorporate discussions on HIV testing history and GSN app usage to foster objective self-assessment of HIV exposure.
Keywords:
Geosocial networkingLatin AmericaMen who have sex with menPerceived risk for HIV acquisitionPrEP eligibilitySexual orientation

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