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Modeling absorbed alpha particle dose from diffusing alpha-emitters radiation therapy in changing tissue volumes.

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Tumor volume changes during Diffusing alpha-emitters Radiation Therapy (Alpha DaRT) can significantly alter the delivered radiation dose. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for accurate dosimetry and effective treatment planning.

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Area of Science:

  • Radiation Oncology
  • Medical Physics
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Diffusing alpha-emitters Radiation Therapy (Alpha DaRT) uses 224Ra sources for bulky tumor treatment.
  • Alpha DaRT induces significant tumor shrinkage (30-100%) and swelling (approx. 50% of cases).
  • The impact of tissue volume changes on Alpha DaRT dosimetry remains unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To model Alpha DaRT dose deposition in time-dependent tissue volumes.
  • To investigate the effect of edema and tumor shrinkage on dose distribution.
  • To assess geometrical source migration impact on alpha particle dose.

Main Methods:

  • Finite Element Method (FEM) based dose deposition modeling.
  • Simulation of gradual and immediate tissue volume changes (shrinkage/swelling).
  • Estimation of volume change rates from patient scan data (n=7).
  • Calculation of absorbed dose profiles in high- and low-diffusion regimes.

Main Results:

  • Tissue volume changes can cause significant dose over/underestimation.
  • Gradual shrinkage increased dose by 100% (low-diffusion); gradual swelling decreased dose by 35%.
  • Immediate swelling reduced dose by ~65% (closely spaced sources), but target dose (10 Gy) was still exceeded.

Conclusions:

  • Tissue swelling and shrinkage significantly affect Alpha DaRT tumor absorbed dose.
  • Further research into tissue dynamics during Alpha DaRT is needed for improved dosimetry.
  • Accurate dosimetry requires accounting for dynamic changes in tumor volume.