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Xolography for Biomedical Applications: Dual-Color Light-Sheet Printing of Hydrogels With Local Control Over Shape

Lena Stoecker1,2, Gerardo Cedillo-Servin1,2,3, Niklas F König4

  • 1Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, the Netherlands.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|January 28, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Xolography, a novel 3D printing technology, enables rapid fabrication of complex hydrogel scaffolds with precise control over structural and mechanical properties for tissue engineering applications.

Keywords:
bioprintinggrayscalestiffness controlthermoresponsivevolumetric 3D printing

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • 3D Printing Technologies

Background:

  • Tissue engineering faces challenges in creating biomimetic extracellular environments with controlled biochemical, mechanical, and structural cues.
  • Current fabrication techniques lack the spatial control needed for precise cue delivery in 3D constructs.
  • Developing advanced 3D printing methods is crucial for engineering functional tissues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce Xolography, a volumetric printing technology, for precise spatial control over structural and mechanical properties in hydrogel scaffolds.
  • To demonstrate the fabrication of centimeter-scale 3D constructs with microscale features using Xolography.
  • To explore the potential of Xolography for creating dynamic, cell-instructive environments for tissue engineering.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Xolography, a dual-color light-sheet volumetric printing technology, for rapid 3D hydrogel fabrication.
  • Developed a water-soluble photoswitch photoinitiator system compatible with various hydrogels.
  • Employed grayscaled light projection to achieve spatial control over hydrogel stiffness and enable dynamic shape changes.

Main Results:

  • Fabricated centimeter-scale 3D constructs with features as small as 20 µm in minutes.
  • Achieved precise control over mechanical properties, with compressive moduli ranging from 0.2 kPa to 6.5 MPa.
  • Demonstrated spatial control over stiffness (0.2–16 kPa) and induced reversible anisotropic shape changes using thermoresponsive hydrogels.
  • Successfully printed viable cell aggregates, showcasing potential for cell-laden constructs.

Conclusions:

  • Xolography offers unprecedented spatial control over structural and mechanical cues in 3D hydrogel constructs.
  • This technology enables rapid, one-step fabrication of complex, cell-instructive environments for tissue engineering.
  • Xolography holds significant promise for advancing biomedical applications, including regenerative medicine and drug delivery.