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Epidemiological Analysis of Respiratory Diseases in Mexico From 2000 to 2020: Trends, Geographic Distribution, and
Luz Isela Peinado-Guevara1, Mayra Mejía-Sánchez1, Ricardo Clark-Tapia2
1Faculty of Biology, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan, MEX.
Introduction:
In Mexico, respiratory diseases such as tuberculosis (TB), acute respiratory infections (ARI), pertussis (Pt), and pneumonia-bronchopneumonia (Nemu) represent critical public health challenges that contribute to morbidity and mortality and are exacerbated by socioeconomic factors and the COVID-19 pandemic.
Objective:
To evaluate the trends, seasonal patterns, and geographic distribution of major respiratory diseases in Mexico between 2000 and 2020.
Methodology:
Data from the National Epidemiologic Surveillance System were analyzed using advanced statistical methods, including Kruskal-Wallis tests, Mann-Whitney analysis, and multivariate analysis, to identify temporal and regional variations.
Results:
A 21-year analysis revealed significant (χ² = 63.57, p < 0.01) trends in the incidence of respiratory diseases in Mexico. Results showed an increase in TB and Pt cases in recent years and a decreasing trend in ARI and Nemu, with fluctuations influenced by socioeconomic factors and the pandemic. Seasonally, TB and Pt showed the highest incidence in spring and summer (27.4% and 32%, respectively), whereas ARI (29.7%) and Nemu (33%) peaked in winter.
Conclusions:
Prevention, early diagnosis and treatment of TB and Pt need to be strengthened, and surveillance of ARI and Nemu must be maintained. Public health policies, vaccination campaigns, and inter-institutional and community collaboration are essential to address these challenges.
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