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Mpox (monkeypox): a comprehensive updated of current epidemic evidence
Amir Hossain1,2, Md Abdul Monem3, Mamunur Rahman4
1Khulna Agricultural University, Bangladesh.
Science in One Health
|January 28, 2025
Summary
Mpox (monkeypox) cases surged in 2024 due to a clade I resurgence in the DRC, prompting a global health emergency. Ongoing surveillance and adaptive strategies are crucial to manage the evolving mpox epidemic.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Mpox (monkeypox) is a viral disease endemic to central Africa, caused by the mpox virus (MPXV).
- Previous clade IIb outbreaks were declared global health emergencies in 2022 and managed by 2023.
- A significant resurgence of clade I in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) began in September 2023.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide an updated overview of the mpox epidemic as of 2024.
- To analyze epidemiological trends, regional spread, and demographic impacts.
- To discuss challenges and necessary strategies for mpox control.
Main Methods:
- Review of epidemiological data and outbreak timelines.
- Analysis of case incidence, fatalities, and regional distribution.
- Examination of transmission patterns and gender disparities.
Main Results:
- A 160% increase in mpox cases by 2024, leading to a PHEIC declaration in August 2024.
- Substantial rises in cases and fatalities, particularly among children under 15 in the DRC.
- Initial high incidence in Europe, with rising cases in AFRO, EMRO, SEARO, and WPRO regions.
- Males showed higher transmission rates, primarily through person-to-person contact.
Conclusions:
- Ongoing surveillance, global collaboration, and adaptive public health measures are essential.
- Vaccine distribution challenges and emergency use authorizations require attention.
- Urgent need for strategies to mitigate the proliferation of the mpox epidemic.
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