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Related Concept Videos

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

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The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2025

Evaluation of Hemisphere Lateralization with Bilateral Local Field Potential Recording in Secondary Motor Cortex of Mice
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Comparative transcriptomic rhythms in the mouse and human prefrontal cortex.

Jennifer N Burns1,2, Aaron K Jenkins1, Xiangning Xue3

  • 1Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.

Frontiers in Neuroscience
|January 28, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals conserved but sex-specific differences in brain gene expression rhythms between mice and humans. Understanding these cross-species variations is crucial for psychiatric disease research using animal models.

Keywords:
circadian rhythmshuman post mortem tissuemouseprefrontal cortextranscriptomics

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genomics
  • Chronobiology

Background:

  • Alterations in the human prefrontal cortex (PFC) are linked to psychiatric disorders.
  • Circadian gene expression rhythms exist in the brain, including the PFC, and are disrupted in disease.
  • Rodent models of human PFC function face challenges due to evolutionary specialization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare transcriptomic rhythms between mouse and human PFC subregions.
  • To identify sex-specific differences in molecular rhythms across species.
  • To inform translational research for psychiatric diseases.

Main Methods:

  • RNA sequencing was used for a sex-specific, cross-species comparison.
  • Transcriptomic rhythms were analyzed in the mouse medial PFC (mPFC) and human anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC).

Main Results:

  • Circadian rhythm signaling is conserved across species and PFC subregions.
  • A sex-dependent phase shift in core clock gene expression exists between mouse and human PFC.
  • Rhythmic transcripts are largely unique to each species and region, with notable overlap in females between mouse mPFC and human ACC.
  • Core biological processes show rhythmic enrichment across species, with regional and sex-specific variations.

Conclusions:

  • Transcriptomic rhythms exhibit evolutionary conservation alongside human PFC specialization.
  • Cross-species differences in molecular rhythms must be considered when using animal models for psychiatric research.