Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 30, 2025

Measuring the Carotid to Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity Cf-PWV to Evaluate Arterial Stiffness
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Measuring the Carotid to Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity Cf-PWV to Evaluate Arterial Stiffness

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Central arterial stiffness in young adults with perinatal HIV exposure and infection

Elaine M Urbina1, Wendy Yu2, Paige L Williams2,3

  • 1Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.

AIDS (London, England)
|January 28, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Arterial stiffness, measured by pulse wave velocity (PWV), did not significantly differ between young adults with perinatally acquired HIV (YAPHIV) and those exposed but uninfected (YAPHEU). Cardiovascular risk reduction is recommended for all young adults.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Young adults with perinatally acquired HIV (YAPHIV) may face unique health challenges.
  • Assessing cardiovascular health in this population is crucial for long-term outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare arterial stiffness, a key cardiovascular risk indicator, between YAPHIV and young adults perinatally HIV-exposed but uninfected (YAPHEU).

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional analysis of pulse wave velocity (PWV) and echocardiography in 150 participants (95 YAPHIV, 55 YAPHEU).
  • Comparison of PWV between the two groups.
  • Linear regression models assessed HIV disease severity and antiretroviral treatment (ART) associations with PWV in YAPHIV.

Main Results:

  • Mean PWV was similar between YAPHIV (5.63 m/s) and YAPHEU (5.39 m/s).
  • Most YAPHIV had well-controlled HIV (82% viral load <400 copies/ml) and used combination ART (91%).
  • Weak correlations were found between PWV and echocardiographic measures; HIV severity and ART type showed no significant association with PWV.

Conclusions:

  • No significant difference in arterial stiffness (PWV) was observed between YAPHIV and YAPHEU.
  • Current HIV management appears to maintain normal arterial stiffness in YAPHIV.
  • Adherence to cardiovascular risk reduction guidelines is essential for all young adults to prevent cardiovascular disease.
Abstract

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