Two multifunctional zero-dimensional Gd(III) complexes: magnetocaloric effect and anticancer mechanisms for lung...

Area of Science:

• Inorganic Chemistry
• Materials Science
• Biomedical Applications

Background:

• Schiff base ligands are versatile building blocks for metal complexes.
• Gadolinium(III) complexes are explored for their magnetic and therapeutic properties.
• Developing new anticancer agents with improved efficacy and reduced side effects is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

• To synthesize and characterize novel gadolinium(III) complexes (Gd1 and Gd2) using a Schiff base ligand.
• To investigate the magnetic properties and potential magnetocaloric effects of the synthesized complexes.
• To evaluate the antiproliferative, apoptosis-inducing, and anti-migration activities of Gd1 and Gd2 against tumor cell lines.

Main Methods:

• Synthesis and crystallographic analysis of Gd(III) complexes.
• Magnetic susceptibility measurements to determine magnetic properties.
• In vitro antiproliferative assays, apoptosis assays, cell migration assays, cell cycle analysis, and Western blotting.

Main Results:

• Gd1 and Gd2 were synthesized and structurally characterized as mononuclear and binuclear complexes, respectively.
• The complexes exhibit potential magnetocaloric effects due to Gd(III) ions.
• Gd1 and Gd2 demonstrated significant antiproliferative activity against A549 cells, surpassing cisplatin.
• Administration of Gd1 and Gd2 induced apoptosis, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, inhibited cell migration, and caused G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in A549 cells.
• Western blotting confirmed modulation of Bcl-2 and Bax protein expression, promoting apoptosis.

Conclusions:

• The synthesized Gd(III) complexes show promising anticancer properties.
• Gd1 and Gd2 represent potential therapeutic agents for cancer treatment, particularly for A549 lung cancer.
• Further research into their mechanism of action and in vivo efficacy is warranted.