Resting-state microstate dynamics abnormalities in children with ADHD and co-occurring sleep problems.
Tianbao Piao1, Guisen Wu1, Yu Zhu1
1Peking University Sixth Hospital, Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China.
Sleep Medicine
|January 28, 2025
Summary
Children with ADHD and sleep problems exhibit more severe symptoms and executive dysfunction. Both ADHD groups share atypical brain activity patterns, suggesting shared neurophysiological characteristics, but sleep issues were not directly linked to these brain measures.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Child Psychology
- Sleep Medicine
Background:
- Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children is frequently associated with sleep disturbances, which can worsen ADHD symptoms and cognitive deficits.
- The underlying neurophysiological mechanisms linking ADHD, sleep problems, and cognitive impairments remain poorly understood.
- Resting-state microstate analysis offers a novel approach to investigate brain electrical activity patterns.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the neurophysiological characteristics of children with ADHD and co-occurring sleep problems using resting-state microstate analysis.
- To explore the association between neurophysiological abnormalities and the presence of sleep problems in children with ADHD.
- To differentiate neurophysiological patterns in children with ADHD and sleep problems from those with ADHD alone and healthy controls.
Main Methods:
- Collected resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) data from children aged 6-12 years across three groups: ADHD with sleep problems (n=34), ADHD without sleep problems (n=32), and healthy controls (n=22).
- Utilized agglomerative hierarchical clustering for microstate analysis of EEG data.
- Employed ANCOVAs and Pearson partial correlations to compare ADHD symptoms, executive function, and microstate parameters, controlling for sex and IQ.
Main Results:
- Children with ADHD and sleep problems displayed significantly higher inattentive and total ADHD symptoms, alongside greater deficits in emotional regulation, organizational skills, behavioral regulation, and global executive function compared to children with ADHD without sleep problems.
- Both ADHD groups exhibited reduced occurrence of microstate D and lower transition probability from microstate C to D compared to healthy controls, indicating shared atypical brain dynamics.
- No significant correlation was found between sleep problems and microstate parameters in any group after statistical adjustments.
Conclusions:
- Children with co-occurring ADHD and sleep problems present with more severe ADHD symptoms and executive dysfunction.
- Shared atypical resting-state microstate parameters in both ADHD groups suggest common neurophysiological underpinnings, irrespective of sleep status.
- Resting-state EEG microstate analysis shows potential as a tool to identify neurophysiological differences in children with ADHD, potentially aiding in distinguishing them from typically developing children.
Keywords:
ADHDChildren's sleep habits questionnaireClinical symptomsExecutive functionMicrostate analysisMore Related Videos
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