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Efficacy of a multicomponent nature-based intervention on well-being and environmental engagement: A randomized
Eliseth Ribeiro Leão1, Roberta Maria Savieto1, Gustavo Benvenutti Borba2
1Albert Einstein Education and Research Center, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein - Comendador Elias Jafet St, 755 - Morumbi. Zip code: 05653-000, São Paulo, Brazil.
Background:
Nature-based interventions (NBIs) benefit human well-being, but clinical trials comparing different NBIs in various natural environments are scarce.
Objective:
To evaluate the efficacy of a multicomponent nature-based intervention (MNBI) in comparison to control group (classical forest bathing).
Primary Outcome:
well-being; Secondary outcomes: vitality, happiness, connection, and engagement with nature across urban, peri-urban, and rural areas.
Methods:
Randomized clinical trial with 486 participants between October/2022 and June/2023, from five natural areas in Southeast and Southern/Brazil. Well-being was assessed immediately before the activity and 30 days after, and secondary outcomes immediately before, immediately after and 30 days after. The data analyses considered a 95 % confidence interval and p-values < 0.05.
Results:
The main hypothesis was confirmed, well-being levels of MNBI group were significantly improved, especially in peri-urban areas (p = 0.036). Both groups increased vitality (p < 0.001), but MNBI was more effective overall (p = 0.038), especially in urban areas (p = 0.020). Happiness increased in both groups (p = 0.001), but MNBI participants maintained higher levels 30 days post-intervention (p = 0.010). Nature connection increased significantly in both groups (p < 0.001) but remained higher in MNBI after 30 days (p = 0.021), especially in peri-urban areas (p = 0.034). While both groups reported calm and relaxation, MNBI uniquely fostered learning, knowledge, and contemplation.
Conclusions:
MNBI was more effective than classical forest bathing in improving well-being, nature connection and pro-environmental behaviors, particularly in peri-urban settings, expanding the potential of NBIs for well-being promotion.
Clinicaltrials Registration:
NCT05486156.
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