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Updated: May 30, 2025
Effects of Surgical Masks on Cardiopulmonary Function in Healthy Subjects
Published on: February 12, 2021
A Randomized Control Trial Comparing the Effects of N-95 Respirator Versus Surgical Mask Use on Resting Metabolic and
Alexander Rothstein1, Jessie Hirsch, Alyssa Hillian
1From the Interdisciplinary Health Sciences; New York Institute of Technology; Old Westbury, New York (A.R., A.H.), Department of Allied Health and Kinesiology; Hofstra University; Uniondale, New York (J.H.); and Department of Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine; New York Institute of Technology; Old Westbury, New York (J.D.-D.).
Objective:
This study aimed to compare physiological changes when wearing a N95 and surgical mask at rest.
Methods:
Forty-two subjects aged 18-55 (19 males; age 22.98 ± 3.83) were recruited. Respiratory and metabolic data were collected using indirect calorimetry under a hood. Volume of oxygen consumed, volume of CO 2 produced, and respiratory exchange ratio were measured. Respiratory rate, minute ventilation, and heart rate were recorded using Hexoskin Smart Shirt apparatus. Testing consisted of the following three 15-minute trials: no mask, surgical mask, and a N95 respirator. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was assessed. Results were analyzed using separate repeated measures analyses of variance.
Results:
Respiratory exchange ratio, minute ventilation, and RPE were significantly higher in both conditions. Highest RPE reported while wearing the N95 mask.
Conclusions:
The use of a surgical or N95 face mask can cause small metabolic, respiratory, and RPE changes. Minor physiological changes were observed but remained within normally expected physiological parameters at rest.
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