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Differences in clinical characteristics between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and influenza: a systematic

Yingying Han1, Jia Guo2, Xingzhao Li3

  • 1Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.

NPJ Primary Care Respiratory Medicine
|January 28, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disproportionately affects men and has worse outcomes than influenza. COVID-19 patients experienced longer hospital stays, higher mortality, and greater need for ventilation, highlighting key clinical differences.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic presents significant global health challenges.
  • Influenza remains a persistent public health concern.
  • Understanding the clinical distinctions between COVID-19 and influenza is crucial for effective diagnosis and management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 and influenza.
  • To provide guidance for clinicians in differentiating between these two diseases.
  • To deepen the understanding of the epidemiological and clinical profiles of COVID-19 versus influenza.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted.
  • Searches were performed in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases.
  • Data from 100 articles involving 226,913 COVID-19 patients and 201,617 influenza patients were analyzed using a random-effects model.

Main Results:

  • COVID-19 was more prevalent in men and individuals with higher BMI compared to influenza.
  • COVID-19 patients exhibited longer hospital and ICU stays, increased need for mechanical ventilation, and higher mortality rates.
  • Influenza patients presented with more pronounced upper respiratory symptoms and a higher proportion of comorbidities.

Conclusions:

  • Significant differences exist in clinical presentation, symptoms, laboratory findings, and comorbidities between COVID-19 and influenza.
  • COVID-19 necessitates greater medical resources and is associated with poorer clinical outcomes.
  • These findings underscore the importance of accurate differential diagnosis for optimal patient care.

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