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Reference materials for food authentication.

Franz Ulberth1, Robert Koeber2

  • 1Joint Research Centre, European Commission, 2440, Geel, Belgium.

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
|January 28, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Reference materials (RMs) are essential for accurate food authenticity testing, combating fraud costing billions. Their use in calibration, validation, and quality control ensures reliable results in detecting adulterants and GMOs.

Keywords:
Food authenticityFood fraudMethod validationReference materialsReference samplesUntargeted testing methods

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Area of Science:

  • Food Science and Technology
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Metrology

Background:

  • The global food industry faces substantial economic losses due to adulteration and counterfeiting, estimated at $30-40 billion annually.
  • Ensuring food safety and authenticity relies heavily on robust analytical testing methodologies.
  • Metrological traceability and comparability of testing results are paramount for reliable food analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the critical role of reference materials (RMs) in food authenticity testing.
  • To review the availability and applications of RMs for various food authentication methods.
  • To provide recommendations for improving untargeted testing methods and inter-laboratory comparability.

Main Methods:

  • Review of the applications of reference materials in method validation, calibration, and quality control.
  • Exploration of RM applications in targeted adulterant detection, compositional analysis, and isotopic measurements.
  • Assessment of RM utility in untargeted food authenticity testing and genetically modified organism (GMO) detection.

Main Results:

  • Reference materials are indispensable for ensuring the accuracy and reliability of food authenticity testing.
  • A range of RMs are available for specific applications, including compositional analysis, isotopic measurements, and GMO detection.
  • Current RM availability and application vary across different food authentication methodologies, particularly for untargeted approaches.

Conclusions:

  • Reference materials are fundamental for metrological traceability and comparability in food authenticity testing.
  • The strategic development of research-grade or representative test materials is recommended to harmonize untargeted methods.
  • Improved comparability of results across laboratories and over time can be achieved through standardized test materials.