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    We developed silicon nanowire array cavities using inverse design for enhanced light confinement and high quality factors (Q). Fabricated cavities exceeded 50,000 Q, demonstrating thermal nonlinearity and optical bistability.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics and Nanotechnology
    • Materials Science and Engineering

    Background:

    • Silicon nanowire cavities are crucial for integrated photonics.
    • Achieving high optical confinement (Γ) and quality factor (Q) simultaneously is challenging.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To design and fabricate silicon nanowire array cavities with maximized light confinement and quality factor (Γ×Q).
    • To investigate the performance of a novel inversely designed cavity with inline waveguides.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized inverse design methodology to optimize cavity parameters for maximizing Γ×Q.
    • Fabricated the designed silicon nanowire array cavities using advanced nanofabrication techniques.
    • Characterized cavity performance, including quality factor (Q) and optical nonlinearities.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved high optical confinement in the central nanowire.
    • Fabricated a novel cavity configuration with inline input and output waveguides.
    • Experimental Q factor exceeded 50,000, consistent with simulations.
    • Observed thermal nonlinearity and optical bistability, confirming strong light confinement.

    Conclusions:

    • The inverse design approach successfully yielded high-performance silicon nanowire cavities.
    • The novel inline waveguide configuration is effective for cavity integration.
    • The demonstrated optical nonlinearities validate the strong light-matter interaction within the cavities.