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Updated: May 3, 2026

Construction and Setup of a Bench-scale Algal Photosynthetic Bioreactor with Temperature, Light, and pH Monitoring for Kinetic Growth Tests

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Photobioreactor design utilizing procedural three-dimensional modelling and ray tracing.

Kimmo A Riihiaho¹, Leevi Lind¹, Marco L Calderini¹

¹Faculty of Information Technology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyvaskyla, Finland.

Journal of the Royal Society, Interface

|January 29, 2025

Summary

This study introduces a new simulation tool for designing photobioreactors. It helps optimize light availability for efficient microalgae cultivation, crucial for large-scale production.

Keywords:

hyperspectral imaging light propagation microalgae photobioreactor simulation three-dimensional modelling

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Last Updated: May 3, 2026

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Area of Science:

Biotechnology
Optical Engineering
Algal Biotechnology

Background:

Efficient microalgae cultivation relies on optimal light delivery within photobioreactors.
Practical testing of photobioreactor designs is costly and time-consuming.
Simulations offer a cost-effective method to explore design options.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate a generalizable simulation tool for photobioreactor design.
To estimate hyperspectral light attenuation in microalgae suspensions.
To facilitate the optimization of light availability for photosynthetic growth.

Main Methods:

Procedural three-dimensional modeling and ray tracing were employed.
Virtual models of external-lit glass and internal-lit steel photobioreactors were created.
Light interaction simulations were based on measured transmittance and reflectance of *Chlorella vulgaris* culture.

Main Results:

The simulation tool effectively estimates light availability at key photosynthetic wavelengths.
The simulator is applicable to photobioreactor geometry design and light attenuation analysis.
Validation using spectral images confirmed simulation accuracy, though light scattering requires further refinement.

Conclusions:

The developed simulation tool aids in designing efficient photobioreactors for microalgae cultivation.
This approach facilitates the transition to large-scale microalgae production by optimizing light delivery.
The open-source nature of the tool and datasets promotes further research and development.