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Antimicrobial Effect and Cytocompatibility After Using Different Decontamination Methods on Titanium Implant
Andrea Alonso-Español1, Enrique Bravo1, Ana Carrillo de Albornoz1
1Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Periimplant Diseases (ETEP) Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.
Clinical Oral Implants Research
|January 29, 2025
Summary
Phytotherapeutics like curcumin (CUR) and xanthohumol (XN) show superior antibacterial and cytocompatible effects for implant decontamination compared to chlorhexidine (CHX) and electrolytic treatment (GS). These natural compounds effectively remove biofilm while preserving tissue health.
Area of Science:
- Dental implantology
- Biomaterials science
- Microbiology
Background:
- Peri-implantitis necessitates effective decontamination methods.
- Current treatments like chlorhexidine (CHX) may have limitations in efficacy and cytocompatibility.
- Novel approaches using natural compounds are being explored for implant surface decontamination.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the in vitro antibacterial efficacy and cytocompatibility of four implant-decontamination methods: chlorhexidine (CHX), electrolytic treatment (GS), curcumin (CUR), and xanthohumol (XN).
- To evaluate these methods using both 2D and 3D peri-implant mucosa models.
- To assess the impact of decontamination on multispecies biofilms and host tissue cells.
Main Methods:
- Four decontamination agents (CHX, GS, CUR, XN) were tested on titanium surfaces using 2D and 3D peri-implant mucosa models.
- Antibacterial efficacy was assessed against a multispecies oral biofilm (S. oralis, A. naeslundii, V. dispar, P. gingivalis).
- Cytocompatibility was evaluated through direct and indirect assays using confocal laser scanning microscopy and neural networks.
Main Results:
- Curcumin (CUR) and xanthohumol (XN) demonstrated significant antibacterial effects, biofilm removal, and excellent cytocompatibility.
- Chlorhexidine (CHX) showed antimicrobial activity but did not reduce biofilm biomass and negatively impacted cytocompatibility.
- Electrolytic treatment (GS) exhibited localized antibiofilm activity but compromised tissue cell morphology and integrity, particularly in the 3D model.
Conclusions:
- Phytotherapeutics (CUR and XN) are highly effective and cytocompatible for implant decontamination, outperforming CHX and GS.
- GS presents a localized antibiofilm effect but significant cytocompatibility issues.
- CHX possesses antimicrobial properties but lacks biofilm reduction and alters cytocompatibility, highlighting the potential of natural compounds for safer and more effective peri-implantitis management.
